588 
P E R C A. 
44. Perea rogaa, the red-and-black perch: reddilh- 
black ; tail equal; fins black 5 gill membrane dufky red. 
In thedorfalfin rays, peCtorals 18, ventrals anal 
tail 14. Inhabits Arabia, among coral and madrepora; 
more than two feet long; crown convex, Hoping between 
the eyes; iris black without, then yellow, and blue with¬ 
in ; lips broad, very obtufe, the upper fhorter and pro¬ 
tractile; teeth numerous, Cetaceous, with frequently two 
Prong remote fore teeth; before the noftrils a fmall cir¬ 
rus. Gill-covers fcaly, the pofterior three-toothed; 
fhoulders gibbons; lateral line not vifible. Fins obtufe; 
dorfal filamentous ; ventrals rounded. 
45. Perea lunaria, the lunular perch : body rufty-black; 
peCtoral fins black, behind yellow ; dorlal and caudal be¬ 
hind pale hyaline; a lunular fpot on the tail. Rays of 
the fins as the preceding, which this fpecies refembles 
much. Inhabits Arabia. Ventral fins obverfely trian¬ 
gular, black, and like the anal and dorfal with a du(ky-red 
feripe towards the outer edge, the latter white at the pof¬ 
terior edge; tail with a hyaline lunule, and behind this 
reddifii. 
46. Perea tauvina, the fmall-fcaled perch : body ob¬ 
long-linear, brown with rufty-black dots; tail rounded; 
feales fmall, denticulate. In the dorfal fin f-J rays, pec¬ 
torals and tail 17, ventrals £, anal - 3 %. Inhabits Arabia, 
among coral and madrepora; not very good food. Head 
wedged, Hoping from the crown ; teeth fmall, remote, 
nearly equal, rigid, with a canine tooth in each jaw on 
each fide ; gullet and bafe of the tongue covered with 
teeth ; lips obtufe, the upper fhorter, retufe. Anterior 
gill-covert denticulate behind, pofterior three-fpined. 
Lateral line parallel with and nearer the back. Fins rufty- 
black with darker fpots, the hinder edge whitifti ; pecto¬ 
rals and ventrals nearly equal. 
47. Perea fafeiata, the white-banded perch : red, with 
broad whitifti tranfverfe bands. Seven rays in the mem¬ 
brane of the gills, in the dorfal fin f-|-, peCtorals and tail 17, 
ventrals f, anal . In Gmelin and Turton, the rays of the 
peCtoral fins are mifi-printed 7. This is larger than the 
g'igas, being upwards of a yard long. Jaws equal, with 
two ftrong conical teeth in each, befides feveral rows of 
very fmall fetaceous teeth in the upper, and one in the 
lower. Inhabits the Red Sea ; feales fmall. Head large ; 
eyes large, approximate, feparated by two longitudinal 
furrows; iris greenifti-rufous ; lips rounded, obtufe, 
equal. Anterior gill-covert flightly toothed behind, pof¬ 
terior pointed,fpinous. Peftoral fins on ftiort pedicels,near¬ 
ly connected by a membrane ; lateral line nearer the back. 
48. Perea miniata, the red-and-blue perch : fcarlet, co¬ 
vered with blue dots; tail rounded. In the dorfal fin 
•53 rays, in the peCtorals 17, ventrals f, anal t 3 -j, tail 15. 
'i his and the following were obferved by Forfkael among 
the coral near the fliores of the Arabian fea. It feeds on 
fifh ; the feales are fmall, round, and ftriate ; flefh good. 
Crown marked with the letter V before the eyes ; iris red 
without, yellow within ; noftrils round, fimple, with a 
conic cirrus ; lips very broad, obtufe, fprinkled with blue 
dots ; the upper fhorter, protractile ; teeth fetaceous, with 
two ftrong canine ones in each jaw. Gill-covers flightly 
ferrate behind. Fins all rounded behind, the ventrals 
only pointed, the anterior edge blue. 
There are two other varieties. | 3 . Of a brown colour 
with ocellate blue fpots; called lela/i by the Arabs, y. 
Bright red, with blue dots; called by the Arabs 1 wgen. 
49. Perea fummaria, the fpeckled perch. Of this fpe¬ 
cies there are three varieties. 
a. Body afhy brown, covered with white fpecks; tail 
rounded. In the dorfal fin ff rays, 17 in the peCtorals, 
i in the ventrals, in the anal, 1 j in the tail. Refem¬ 
bles the laft. There is an oblong black fpot beneath' the 
eyes on each fide ; iris brown; head and fins brown, 
dotted with white; tail ftiort, with a black fpot above. 
P. fufeo-guttata : body bluifti, with brown dots ; 
the dorfal fin with only 7 rays, which are all fpinous, 18 
jn the peCtorals and tail. 
y. P. areolata : whitifti-afh, with yellowi/h-brown dots. 
50. Perea Sinenfis, the Chinefe perch : yellowifli ; tail 
oval; lower jaw fhorteft. In the dorfal fin is. rays, in 
the peCtorals 18, ventrals f, anal ^ , tail 17. Inhabits 
China : refembles the river-perch, but is frnaller. Mouth 
oblong, rounded; lateral line curved; tongue, palate, 
and fins, yellowifli; dorfal reaching from the head to the 
tail, narrower in the middle. 
51. Perea piCta, the painted perch : three longitudinal 
ftripes, fomewhat bent; the firft directed towards the 
middle of the dorfal fin, the fecond towards its extremity, 
the third towards the tail fin, which is rounded. In the 
dorfal fin, which is long and low, ■is. rays, -Jg in the anal, 
14 in the peCtorals, ■£■ in the ventrals, 16 in the tail. The 
prevailing colour in this fpecies is white ; the upper part 
of the dorfal is dotted white and brown ; the anal white, 
but black at the tip; tail white, with a black line on each 
fide. Obferved by Thunberg at Japan, in the fea. 
III. Dorfal Fin Angle. Tail divided. 
52. Perea Afcenfionis, the red-and-white perch : above 
reddifti, beneath whitifti. Eight rays in the membrane of 
the gills, ff in the dorfal fin, 16 in the peCtorals, 8 in the 
ventrals, 14 in the anal, and 26 in the tail. Found in 
Afcenfion Ifle, in the Atlantic Ocean. Body narrow; 
feales rounded, and denticulate in front; both pieces of 
the gill-coverts ferrate; the fecond dorfal fpine ferrate 
alfo. 
53. Perea louti, the carmine perch : body oblong-lan¬ 
ceolate ; colour carmine, with pale violet dots ; hind edge 
of all the fins yellow. In the dorfal fin ^ rays, 17 in the 
peCtorals, s in the ventrals, ^ ’ n the anal, 15 in the tail. 
This fpecies inhabits the Arabian fea, among madrepora 
and corals, and grows to the length of a yard. The feales 
are fmall, round, and ftriate, but not ferrated. Crown 
naked, convex ; iris carmine ; noftrils fimple, with a conic 
cirrus before them ; lips obtufe, the upper fhorter, and 
protraCtile; teeth fetaceous, flexile, remote, conic, fome 
of them ftronger. Gill-covers fcaly, the anterior very 
entire, pofterior three fpined behind; lateral line nearer 
the back, and not parallel; peCtoral and ventral fins 
without fpots, the former oval, the latter with a falcate 
angle; tail linear. 
54. Perea venenofa, the red-fpotted fea-perch : peCto¬ 
ral fins tipt with yellow; tail lunate; body dark green, 
with blood-red fpots. In the dorfal fin is. rays, 12 in the 
anal, 20 in the tail. Inhabits America ; feales fmall, and 
fmooth. This beautiful fpecies is fufpeCted of being 
poifonous, which mutt be in confequence of particular 
food, as it is not hurtful at all times. See the Plate, 
fig.* 9 . 
55. Perea melanura, the black-tailed perch: tail-fin 
black, edged with yellow ; peCtorals white ; body above 
black, below white with yellow ftripes. The dorfal fin 
has if rays. It inhabits North America; and was firft 
made known by Catefby. Length, a foot or more. The 
gullet is wide, and red within ; the feales are broad, and 
of a brown colour edged with red. This is reprefented 
at fig. 10, 
56. Perea feClatrix, the jumping perch : tail forked, 
red on the hind part; belly pale yellow, with grey lines. 
In the dorfal fin rays, f- in the anal, 3 large fpines in 
the anterior part of the caudal. Inhabits America. 
Upper furface moftly brown; fome dull yellow fpots above 
the lateral line ; on the opercula a mixture of white, red, 
and yellow. It can “jump” a confiderable way out of 
the water, whence Catefby calls it Jaltatrix; and fwims 
fo faft that it can keep up with a fliip in full fail; hence 
the Linntean nam e,Jettatrix, or “follower.” 
57. Perea unimaculata, the pacu : a round black fpot 
on each fide, at the end of the peftoral fin. The peCloral 
fins contain 13 rays, the ventrals f, the anal -j^, the tail 
15, the dorfal ff. The head is fmall, and the feales reach 
no farther than the eyes; the roftrum declines; the 
opercula are not ferrated, and the aperture of the gills is 
wide, 
