P E R C A. 
preceding. The general colour of this fifh is bluifh; but 
the fins are yellow ; hence the name. Found at the Ifie 
of France; larger than the preceding. Sometimes the 
tips of the pefloral fins are black, and the upper jaw yel- 
lowifii, the fame between the eyes, and a yellow fpot on 
the hind part of the head ; but there is feldom any colour 
belides yellow and blue on any part of it. The firft rays 
of the dorfal fin end in a filament. The fpecies lives on 
crabs and young fifh, which it fwallows whole. Flefh 
pleafant and wholefome food. 
9. Holocentrus cauda vittata, the ftriped-tail holocen- 
ter: two fpines in the hinder opercula; ventral fins with 
5 rays, and fattened by a membrane to the belly; general 
colour blue; the tail with from three to ten longitudinal 
alternate white and black (tripes. Six rays in the mem¬ 
brane of the gills, 16 in each peftoral, 15 in the tail, 
in the dorfal, yy in the anal. The noftrils are double. 
The vent nearer the head than to the tail-fin. This fpe¬ 
cies is commonly lefs than the perch-holocenter. The 
upper jaw is flexible, and fomewhat fhorter than the 
lower; both jaws, and the palate, are armed with nume- 
rousTmall teeth like a faw ; the tongue is fmooth. Inha¬ 
bits the Ifle of France. 
10. Holocentrus nigricans, the blackifii holocenter: 
one or two fpines in the hinder piece of each operculum, 
and a fmall ferrated bone near each eye; a fcaly plate at 
each end of the bafe of the ventral fins ; prevailing co¬ 
lour bluifh black. Five or 6 rays in the membrane of 
the gills, 20 in each peftoral fin, i in each ventral, 15 
in the tail, in the dorfal, and ^ in the anal. The 
head is fmall ; the eyes blue ; noftrils double. The lower 
jaw is fomewhat longer than the upper, which is mova¬ 
ble; the teeth fmall, white, clofe together like tfie teeth 
of a comb; but none on the palate or tongue. The la¬ 
teral line is very fliort, extending no further than the 
end of the dorfal fin. 
11. Holocentrus leopardus, the leopard - holocenter: 
tail lunate; four large fpines on the firft piece of each 
operculum, one fpine on the fecond ; body (potted all 
over. There are 14 rays in the peftoral fins, 18 in the 
tail, ? 8 g in the dorfal, in the anal, 3 in the ventrals. 
The upper jaw is fomewhat fhorter than the lower, 
and the lip double; there are fix large ftrong hooked 
teeth, and feveral rows of fmaller ones, in each jaw. This 
and the following were firft defcribed by Cepede. 
12. Holocentrus ciliatus, the ciliated holocenter : fcales 
ciliate, teeth almoft fetaceous, one fmall fpine at the hind 
part of the opercula. There are 17 rays in the peftoral 
fins, £ in the ventrals, 19 in the tail, in the dorfal, ^ 
in the anal. The body is of a lengthened form ; teeth in 
feveral rows, very fmall. 
13. Holocentrus Thunberg, Thunberg’s holocenter: 
7 articulated rays in each ventral fin, afinglefpine in the 
pofteribr part of each operculum ; the hind part of the 
tail much lower than the front; fcales ftriped and den- 
tated; prevailing colour filvery,but without fpots. Seven 
rays in the membrane of the gills, 13 in the peftoral fins, 
18 in the tail, ^ in the dorfal, T ^- in the anal. The dor¬ 
fal fin is divided, as it were, but it is in faft only one fin ; 
the back is raifed. The upper lip is double ; three blunt 
teeth appear in the lower jaw on each fide. Inhabits the 
feas of Japan ; firft defcribed by Thunberg. 
14. Holocentrus albo-ruber, the white-and-red holo¬ 
center : 12 fpines in the dorfal fin ; many fpines between 
the eyes; which are very large; colour red, with eight 
or nine longitudinal ftripes of white on each fide. This 
and the eight following fpecies are defcribed only by Ce¬ 
pede ; the prefent and the next from the coloured Chi- 
nefe drawings in the National Mufeum at Paris; thefe two 
therefore inhabit China. 
15. Holocentrus albo-fafciatus, the white-banded ho¬ 
locenter: 11 fpinous rays in the dorfal fin; fpines before 
and behind the eyes, which are very large, with a black 
iris; colour red, with one tranfverfe white bar near the 
tail-fin. 
593 
16. Holocentrus diacanthus, the two-fpiiled holocen¬ 
ter : two fpines in the anal fin ; fcales very broad, and 
edged with white; head, body, and tail, dotted with 
white ; a black fpot on the fecond piece of each oper¬ 
culum. Five rays in the membrane of the gills, 16 in 
each peftoral fin, 6 in each ventral, 16 in the tail, A 3 - in 
the dorfal, and in the anal. This and the four fol¬ 
lowing are defcribed by Cepede from the colleftion of na¬ 
tural hiftory brought from Holland into France during 
the grand revolutionary war. 
17. Holocentrus tripetalus, the tripetalous holocenter: 
operculum in three pieces, one fpine to the third piece; 
upper lip double, lower jawlongeft; fcales oval, denta- 
led. Sixteen rays in the peftoral fins, -i in the ventrals, 
18 in the caudal, A.A in the dorfal, -j 3 g in the anal. Seve¬ 
ral rows of fmall teeth, one large one at each extremity 
of the lower jaw oppofite the fnout. 
18. Holocentrus tetracanthus, the four-fpined holo¬ 
center: four fpines in the anal fin ; a toothed fcale above 
each peftoral fin, and feveral under each eye; a large 
fpine and two fmall ones at the laft piece of the opercu¬ 
lum; fpots on the dorfal and tail fins. Twelve rays in 
each peftoral fin, 17 in the tail, -Jf-in the dorfal, ^ in 
the ana!. The lower jaw is the iongeft; teeth minute. 
Under the eyes are fcaly laminae with radiating ftriae ; a 
great part of the dorfal fin,fuftained by the fpiny rays, is 
very diftinft from the reft. , 
19. Holocentrus acanthops, the prickly-eyed holocen¬ 
ter: a fringed plate armed with fpines along the lower 
half of the eye ; one or two fpines in the fecond piece of 
the operculum ; one fpine turned obliquely upwards over 
the bafe of the peftoral fins; fmall fpots on the dorfal 
and caudal fins. Fourteen rays in each peftoral fin, lin 
the ventrals, 19 in the tail, J-| in the dorfal, f in the anal. 
The eyes are large; the lateral line very ftrong. 
20. Holocentrus radjabau, the radjabail: the front of 
the head almoft perpendicular with the Iongeft diameter 
of the body ; dorfal fin extremely long; upper jaw long- 
eft ; two or three fpines in the fecond piece of each oper¬ 
culum; fpots on the dorfal and tail fins. Sixteen rays 
in the peftoral fins, £ in the ventrals, 16 in the tail, 
in the dorfal, in the anal. Tnejaws are armed with 
feveral rows of fmall teeth, clofe together, and pretty 
equal in fize. The eyes are very large; there is a fcaly 
toothed plate under the laft piece of each operculum. 
The lateral line is nearly ftraight. Inhabits the Eaft In¬ 
dies, where it is called than radjabau. 
21. Holocentrus diadema, the crowned holocenter: 
the anterior part of the dorfal fin rounded, and lower 
than the pofterior part; the fpines rife higher than the 
membrane, and are black with a white ftripe underneath 
them, which gives that part of the fin the appearance of 
an ancient diadem ; that fin has rays, the anal f. The 
lower jaw is the Iongeft; opercula fcaly, with a fpine on 
each piece. There are fix or feven narrow ftripes along 
each fide of this fifh. This and the following are from 
Commerfon’s MSS. 
22. Holocentrus gymnofus, the naked holocenter: 
body apparently naked, the fcales being hardly vifible ; 
one fpine to each operculum ; lower jaw the Iongeft ; 
teeth fmall and (harp, fome larger ones in front of the 
upper jaw. Fifteen rays in each peftoral fin, 6 in each 
ventral, 18 in the caudal, £fin the dorfal, and X 3 T in the 
anal. 
2. Tail entire; i. e. ftraight, rounded, or lanceolated. 
23. Holocentrus ftriatus, the ftriped holocenter: the 
jaws of equal length, 3 fpines in the anal fin, and the fin 
of the tail truncated. There are 4 rays in the membrane 
of the gills, 15 in the peftoral fins, | in the ventrals, A 
in the anal, 15 in the tail, and if in the dorfal. The head 
is laterally comprefled, with a declining roftrum, and the 
eye is furnifhed with a niftating membrane; the pupil is 
black, the iris white and brown ; the noftrils are double, 
and very near the eyes. The jaws and palate full of very 
fmall 
