594 
P E R C A. 
fmall (harp teeth ; the tongue is fmooth. The front 
operculum is ferrated behind at the lower part; and the 
hinder one ends in a membranous point, and a flat fpine. 
The gills have a very large aperture; the membrane is 
hardly vifible. The fcales are fmall and ferrated, and ex¬ 
tend over part of the tail-fin. The body is of a dirty 
white, with five tranfverfe ftripes of brown. The ventral 
fins are of a darker colour than the reft ; there is a 
large black fpot on the dorfal fin. Its country is un¬ 
known. This and the fixteen following were firft defcribed 
by Bloch. 
24. Holocentrus argentinus, the filvery holocenter: a 
filvery ftripe along each fide, and the tail truncated. 
There are 5 rays in the membrane of the gills, 14 in the 
pectoral fins, £ in the ventrals, in the anal, 15 in the 
tail, and in the dorfal. The head and body are com- 
prelfed, ami furnilhed with rough fcales, which however 
do not entirely cover the head, but only the opercula. 
The lower jaw advances a little beyond the upper; and 
both are armed with fmall fharp teeth; the palate is rough, 
the tongue fmooth, and at liberty. The front operculum 
is ferrated at both rims ; the pofterior one coniifts of two 
laminae, three fpines, and an adhefive membrane. The 
aperture of the gills is wide, and the membrane at liberty; 
the internal part of the front operculum exhibits the 
Angle gill. The vent is nearly in the middle of the body. 
The peftoral fins are rounded; the ventrals end in a point, 
and the rays, except the firft, are ramified ; the tail-fin is 
ftraight, with dichotomous rays ; the rays of the dorfal 
and anal fins extend beyond the membrane that unites 
them ; they are compofed of ft iff and flexible rays like 
the reft. The ground colour of this fifti is a faint yellow, 
the upper part of the head is violet, and the fides filvery. 
The fins are (ky-blue ; the peflorals and ventrals edged 
with yellow. Its fizeand country are unknown. 
25. *Holocentrusongus, theongo: Arrays in the dorfal 
fin, and the tail-fin rounded. There are five rays in the 
membrane of the gills, 12 in each pectoral fin, 6 in each 
ventral, T 3 T in the anal, 18 in the tail. The head is long; 
the jaws are armed with flrort pointed teeth ; the palate 
fmooth, the lip-bones are broad in the upper jaw. The 
noftrils are double, the eyes have a black pupil with an 
orange iris. The anterior operculum is ferrated on one 
fide, the pofterior one is furnilhed with two fpines; the 
aperture of the gills is very wide, and the membrane is 
loofe. The lateral line runs near the back, and is free 
from fpines ; the vent is nearer to the tail than to the 
head. The fcales are fmall, and not ferrated, as in the 
preceding fpecies. The prevailing colour of this fiflr is 
brown, which rather inclines to green towards the belly ; 
and there are fpots or bars of faint yellow on the anal, 
tail, and dorfal, fins. The peftoral fin is broad, and the 
ventral has one very ftrong fpine ; both thel'e fins are yel¬ 
low. This fpecies is from Japan, where it is called ikanongo. 
26. Holocentrus auratus, the golden holocenter; ge¬ 
neral colour golden, with little fpots all over the body, 
and nine fpines in the dorfal fin. The branchial mem¬ 
brane has 6 rays, the peftoral fins 16, the ventrals 6, the 
anal the tail 20, the dorfal The body is broad, 
but laterally comprefled; it is covered with a thick fkin 
and very fmall fcales. The teeth in the jaws and palate 
are fmall and fharp ; the lower jaw is fomewhat the long- 
eft, but the upper is furniflied with two long teeth and 
large lip-bones. The noftrils are double, and near the 
eyes ; the front pair cylindric, the hinder oval. The 
tongue is flippery, loofe, and long, like a bird’s. The 
eyes are prominent, and near the top of the head ; the 
pupil is black, the iris violet and yellow, with yellow 
fpots. The front operculum is minutely ferrated at the 
back part, the hinder one ends in a membranous point 
and three flat fpines. The aperture of the gills is very 
large, the membrane half concealed, and a Angle gill 
under the front operculum. The body is of a beautiful 
gold colour, paler on the belly ; and the brown dots have 
a fine effeft on this ground-colour. The fins are in ge¬ 
neral rounded, with ramified rays. The dorfal, anal, 
and tail, fins, are yellow edged with fcarlet; the pectorals 
are pale violet, the ventrals reddifh brown ; the ftiff rays 
of the dorfal fins are branched in a peculiar manner, and 
the membrane has a dark-brown edging, which has a 
very pretty eft’eft. This is from the Eaft Indies. 
27. Holocentrus quadrilineatus, the four-ftriped holo¬ 
center: the body four-ftriped, and the tail-fin rounded, 
the membrane of the gills is fupported by 6 rays; there 
are 13 in the pe&oral fins, £ in the ventrals, in the 
anal, 16 in the tail, and in the dorfal. The head is 
comprefled, and fomewhat Hoping ; the jaws are of equal 
length, with fmall teeth broad at bottom, pointed at top ; 
the aperture of the mouth is fmall ; the noftrils are 
double, and near the eyes. The firft of the four longi¬ 
tudinal ftripes runs near the back, the fecond begins on 
the forehead, the third from the tip of the mouth, the 
fourth from the corner of the mouth, and runs ftraight 
along the body and tail, but does not extend over the fin 
as in the preceding fpecies. The pupil of the eye is 
black, flie iris white bordered with red. The front oper¬ 
culum is ferrated; the pofterior one rounded, and fur- 
nifhed with one fpine; both, as well as the body, are co¬ 
vered with very tender fcales. There is a furrow on the 
back to receive the dorfal fin. The lateral line arifes 
from the hinder operculum, and runs irregularly to the 
middle of the tail-fin. The cinereous grou nd of this fifti 
is agreeably (haded with the blackilh ftripes. The belly 
is of a yellowifti red, the back brownifti, the fins lead-co¬ 
lour, only the pe&orals and ventrals are bordered with 
yellow; before the dorfal fin there is a round black fpot, 
and a large oblong fpot or ftripe on that fin, on each fide. 
This fpecies is alfo from the Eaft. 
28. Holocentrus fafciatus, the banded holocenter: 
body banded, and the lower jaw protruded ; tail rounded. 
There are 6 rays in the membrane of the gills, 13 in the 
peftoral fins, £ in the ventrals, in the anal, 16 in the 
tail, and in the dorfal. The mouth in this fpecies 
opens very wide ; the upper jaw is armed with feveral rows 
of fmall teeth, and two long teeth in front 5 in the lower 
jaw there is but one row, but they are larger, and bent 
back ; the palate is rough alfo, but the tongue is fmooth. 
The noftrils are double; the eyes large; pupil black, 
iris yellowifti green. The front operculum is ferrated, 
and the fcales on this are much fmaller than on the pof¬ 
terior one, which is double, and furniflied with two 
fpines and a loofe membrane. The aperture of the gills 
is very large, and the membrane only in part concealed ; 
the infide of the front operculum exhibits the Angle gill. 
The body is thin ; the fcales hard and ferrated. This 
fifti is of a greenifli yellow, which becomes lighter towards 
the belly; the tranfverfe ftripes or bands are a(h-colour; 
the fins are moftly of the fame colour with the body, and 
rounded. Its country is not known. 
29. Holocentrus punftatus, the punflulated holocen¬ 
ter: the body punttated, and eleven fpines in the dorfal 
fin. There are 12 rays in the peftoral fins, £ in the ven¬ 
trals, •§• in the anal, 17 in the tail, and ££ in the dorfal. 
The mouth has a wide aperture; jaws of equal length, 
armed with Ihort teeth. The noftrils are double, but 
fmall. The pupil of the eye is blue, with a yellowifti iris. 
The body is comprefled, and covered with ferrated fcales, 
the roughnefs of which is eafily perceived in palling the 
hand from the tail towards the head. Every part of the 
body is full of little round fpots of black and red. The 
front operculum is rounded and ferrated ; the pofterior 
one terminates in a point, and is furniflied with one flat 
fpine. There are no fcales on the front part of the head. 
The fins are all rounded ; the pectorals are entirely red, 
the others red mingled with yellow. This fpecies is 
found at Brafil, among the (helves and breakers in the 
fea; hence the Dutch call it gatirfch, and the Portu- 
gu ek pefce-gatto, or rock-fifli. The flefli is white, firm, 
well-tafted, and very wholefome. It is tenacious of life; 
for Pifo relates, that he found one alive after it had been 
3 three 
