596 
P E U C A. 
peftoral fins 17, the ventrals 6, the anal the tail 18, 
the dorfal The head is large, declining, and covered 
with fmall fcales. The lower jaw is longer than the up¬ 
per ; and both are armed with final 1 teeth at the fides, and 
four large ones in front. The noftrils are fingle; the 
eyes large, with a black pupil, yellow iris, and tranfparent 
membrane. The anterior operculum is ferrated ; the 
pofterior has three fpines, but not at the extremity. 
The aperture of the gills is wide, and the membrane 
loofe. The fcales are fmall and hard. The fifli is broad 
in front, and tapers off towards the tail. The back and 
head are light brown, the fides filvery with a fliade of 
bl u e. 
37. Holocentrus fufcus, the brown wall-eye: the fins 
black ; a membrane over each eye. The membrane of 
the gills has 5 rays, the peftoral fins 14, the ventrals 6, 
anal tail 18, dorfal The body is long, and tapers 
towards the tail ; the fcales are fmall, and ferrated; the 
roftrum declines; the lower jaw is fomewhat longeft; 
the noltrils are fingle, and near the eyes ; the pupil is 
black, the iris yellow and violet-colour. The opercula 
are ftriped with blue; the hinder one is furnifhed with 
three fpines. The ground-colour of this firti is yellow, 
marked with ftripes and fpots of brown. The fins are 
light yellow at the bafe, black at the extremities; the 
dorfal and tail are partly covered with fcales. This fpe- 
cies is from Norway. 
38. Holocentrus ruber, the red wall-eye: body red; 
eleven fpines in the dorfal fin. The membrane of the gills 
has 5 rays, the peftoral fins 12, the ventrals £, anal 
tail 20, dorfal 27 ' The head is narrow with a declining 
roftrum, and covered, as well as the body, with fmall 
fcales, hard and ferrated ; the lower jaw is the longeft. 
The pupil of the eye is bluifti; the irides double, a yel¬ 
low and a blue one. The front operculum is (lightly fer¬ 
rated, the hinder one has two fpines. The head, back, 
and fides, are red; the belly paler, the bafe of the fins 
yellow'. There is a furrow to receive the fpines of the 
dorfal fin ; the hinder part of that fin has fcales, as alfo 
has the bafe of the anal and tail. This fpecies is from 
Japan. 
39. Holocentrus rubro-fufcus, the red-and-brown ho- 
locenter : 7 rays in each ventral fin, tail rounded, upper 
jaw movable. There are feven rays in the membrane of 
the gills, 16 in each pedloral fin, 18 in the caudal, in 
the dorfal, -j—• in the anal. This and the following eight 
were firft delcribed by Cepede. The prefent fpecies is 
from Commerfon’s MSS. that celebrated voyager met 
with it near the Ifle of France in 1769. It is a rare fpe¬ 
cies ; flefli well-tafted, and eafy of digeftion ; length eight 
inches. There is a blackifli fpot near each eye. The 
dorfal and anal fins are ftriped, fpotted, and edged, with 
red, and a black fpot juft beyond the dorfal; the ventrals 
are of the colour of minium, or red-lead; peftorals yel- 
lowifh with fmall red fpots on their bafe. The back is 
brown; fides fpotted with red, and two red or reddifh 
fpots on the tail-fin. Three fpines from the back of the 
operculum, which is pointed. Small bent teeth, crowd¬ 
ed together, in both jaws; fome (till fmaller in the pa¬ 
late and throat; tongue whitifli, and almoft fmooth. 
The lateral line is made up of little interrupted ltrokes. 
Scales fmall and rough. 
40. Holocentrus foldado, the foldado: rays in the 
anal fin, the fecond fpine very long, ftrong, and flat; two 
fpinesineachoperculum. Fiveraysin themembraneof the 
gills, 16 in each pectoral fin, £ in each ventral, 17 in the 
tail, in the dorfal. This was defcribed from two fpe- 
cimens, one in a dried collection from Holland, the other 
was fent to Cepede from Cayenne. The lower jaw is lon¬ 
ger than the upper; the teeth are of various fizes, ftrong 
and (harp, larger in front, diftributed in feveral rows in 
the upper jaw, the inner rows much crowded. There 
are beautifully-ftiining filver fcales on the lower jaw, the 
opercula, the lateral line, and that part of the branchial 
membrane not covered by the opercula. 
41. Holocentrus gibbofus, the gibbous holocenter: one 
fpine in the fecond piece of each operculum, and a ferra¬ 
ted plate rifing over that fecond piece ; the lateral line 
reaches from the tip of the fnout to the origin of the dor¬ 
fal fin, making an angle of more than 45 0 with the axis of 
the body and tail ; the pofterior part of the anal and dor¬ 
fal fins rounded, and the ventrals alfo. In the peftoral 
fins 16 rays,-|- in the ventrals, 17 in the tail, in the dor- 
fill, j 3 n in the anal. Teeth fmall, crowded, equal. This 
and the two following are from the Dutch c'olleftion fo 
often mentioned. 
42. Holocentrus Sonnerat, Sonnerat’s holocenter ; the 
firft piece of each operculum notched ; two fpines of very 
unequal length over each eye; the dorfal fin very long, 
and rounded towards the tail; anal the fame; three 
tranfverfe bars with a very dark edging. Six rays in the 
membrane of the gills, 17 in each peftoral fin, -t in the 
ventrals, 20 in the tail, in the dorfal, and in the 
anal. Body long and compreffed ; general colour yellow- 
ifh, the bands fhining white or filvery. Sent from the 
Ifle of France, where it is called landa-tanda, and hahatuea 
itam; but Cepede has named it after a -very ingenious 
Frenchman. 
43. Holocentrus heptadaftylus, the feven-fingered ho¬ 
locenter : 7 rays in the ventral fins ; lower jaw the lon¬ 
geft, and upper lip double; three fpines turned towards 
the fnout and one towards the tail in the firft piece of 
the operculum, one fpine in the fecond piece; a plate 
deeply toothed over this fecond piece, another above each 
peftoral fin. Fifteen rays in the peftoral fins, 17 in the 
caudal, ^ in the dorfal, and T 3 f in the anal. Several 
row's of fmall even teeth in each jaw and the palate. 
The dorfal fin is divided very diftinftly into two. From 
an examination of feveral of this fpecies, Cepede difco- 
vered, that the notches or points, in the toothed plate 
upon the operculum, increafe with age. For inftance, in 
a young one not 8 inches long, he reckoned fix on the 
lamina neareft to the peftoral fin, and three in the fecond; 
but on an older one, more than 12 inches long, one of 
the plates had ten notches and teeth, the other five. 
44. Holocentrus pantherinus, the panther holocenter: 
head, body, and tail, fpotted like a panther; tail rounded. 
Fourteen rays in the peftoral fins, in the dorfal, in 
the anal. The lower jaw is the longeft ; one row of teeth 
only, (landing apart, nearly equal in fize, in each jaw. 
Three fpines in the fecond piece of each operculum. 
Commerfon has left a drawing of this fpecies, and the 
three following; the fcales are hardly vifible. 
45. Holocentrus roftnarus, the fea-cow holocenter: 
two long ftrong conical teeth in the upper jaw, like the 
tufks of theTrichecus rofmarus, or fea-cow; fcales fmall. 
Ten rays in the peftoral fin, -t-t in the dorfal, in the 
anal. The lower jaw is the longeft ; there are two fpines 
in the hinder part of the operculum. The tail-fin is 
rounded; the dorfal bordered with brown or black, and 
the anterior part lower than the reft. 
46. Holocentrus oceanus, the ocean holocenter; tail 
rounded; lower jaw the longeft, one row of even teeth 
in each, upper lip double ; three fpines in the hinder 
part of each operculum; five tranfverfe fliort blackifli 
bars. In each peftoral fin 14 rays, 16 in the tail, in 
the dorfal, and in the anal. Inhabits the great ocean 
near the line or the tropics; dorfal fin like the prece- 
ding. 
47. Holocentrus falmoides, the falmon holocenter: 
head like a falmon, fnout flatted and compreffed, upper 
jaw longeft, teeth in feveral rows ; 3 fpines in the laft 
piece of the operculum. Eleven fpinous rays in the dor¬ 
fal fin; a vail number of very fmall round equal fpots on 
the head, body, tail, and fins. Has the fame haunts as 
the preceding. 
48. Holocentrus Norvegicus, the Norwegian holocen¬ 
ter : the lower jaw the longeft, teeth numerous in both; 
fpines over and under the eyes; dorfal fin very long ; co¬ 
lour red. Seven rays in the membrane of the gills, 19 in 
each 
