613 
PERG 
cedonian .war; then modeftly recounted his own fervices; 
and, laftly, acquainted them with the motive of his jour¬ 
ney ; intreated them to fend ambafladors to the Gauls, 
who by their authority might fecure his brother from 
any danger of their hoftilities ; and he requefted them 
alfo, that the two cities of iEnus and Maronea might be 
bellowed on himfelf. The fenate, imagining that Atta- 
lus defigned to choofe fome other day to fue for his bro¬ 
ther’s kingdom, not only granted all his requefts, but 
fent him richer and more magnificent prefents than they 
had ever done before. Upon this Attalus immediately 
fet out on his return to Pergamus; which fo provoked 
the fenators, that they declared the cities free which they 
had promifed to Attalus, thus rendering ineffectual 
their promife which they were alhamed openly to revoke; 
and as for the Gauls, who were on all occafions ready to 
invade the kingdom of Pergamus, they fent ambafladors 
to them, with inftruftions to behave in fuch a manner as 
would rather tend to encourage them in their defign than 
dilfuade them from it. 
Eumenes, being alarmed at thefe proceedings, refolved 
to go in perfon to Rome in order to jullify himfelf. 
But the fenate, having already condemned him in their 
own minds, refolved not to hear his vindication. For 
this reafon, as foon as they were informed of his defign, 
they made an aft that “ no king Ihould be permitted to 
enter the gates of Rome.” Eumenes, however, who 
knew nothing of this aft, fet forward on his journey, and 
landed at Brundulium; but no fooner did the Roman fe¬ 
nate get intelligence of his arrival there, than they fent 
a quteftor, acquainting him with the decree of the fenate; 
and telling him at the fame time, that, if he had any bu- 
finefs to tranfaft with the fenate, he was appointed to 
hear it, and tranfmit it to them ; but, if not, that the king 
mull leave Italy without delay. To this Eumenes re¬ 
plied, that he had no bufinefs of any confequence to 
tranfaft, and that he did not Hand in need of any of their 
afliftance; and, without faying a word more, went on¬ 
board his Ihip, and returned to Pergamus. 
On his return home, the Gauls, being encouraged by 
the cold reception which he had met with at Rome, in¬ 
vaded his territories, but were repul fed with great lofs by 
the king, who afterwards invaded-the dominions of Pru- 
fias, and polfefi'ed himfelf of feyeral cities. This produ¬ 
ced new complaints at Rome; and Eumenes was accufed, 
not only by the ambafladors of Prufias, but alfo by thofe 
ofi-the Gauls and many cities in Afia, of keeping a fecret 
correfpondence with Perfes king of Macedon. This lafl 
charge was confirmed by fome letters which the Romans 
themfelves had intercepted ; fo that Eumenes found it 
impoflible to keep up his credit any longer at Rome, 
though he fent his brothers Athenasus and Attalus to 
intercede.for him. The fenators, in fliort, had conceived 
the mod implacable hatred again!! him, and feemed ab- 
folutely bent on his deftruftion, when he died, in the 
39th year of his reign, B. C. 159. leaving his kingdom 
and his wife to his brother Attains. He left one fon ; 
but he was an infant, and incapable of governing the 
kingdom ; for which reafon Eumenes chofe rather to give 
the prefent pofleflion of the crown to his brother, refer- 
ving the fucceflion to his fon, than to endanger the whole 
by committing the management of affairs to his fon’s 
tutors. 
Attalus II. in the beginning of his reign, found him¬ 
felf greatly diftrefled by Prufias king of "Bithynia, who 
not only overthrew him in a pitched battle, but advanced 
to the very walls of Pergamus, ravaging the country as 
he marched along; and at lafl reduced the royal city it- 
felf. The king, however, faved himfelf by a timely 
flight, and difpatched ambafladors to Rome, complaining 
of the bad ufage of Prufias. The latter endeavoured to 
defend himfelf, and to throw the blame on Attalus. 
But, after a proper enquiry was made into the matter, 
Prufias was found to be entirely in the wrong; in confe¬ 
quence of which, he was at lafl: obliged to conclude a 
A M U S. 
peace with his adverfary on the following terms. 1. 
That he fhould immediately deliverup to Attalus twenty 
fttips with decks. 2. That he fhould pay five-hundred ta¬ 
lents to Attalus within the fpace of twenty years. 3.That he 
fhould pay one-hundred talents to fome of the other Afia- 
tic nations, by way of reparation for the damages they 
had fuflained from him. 4.. Both parties fhould be 
content with what they had before the beginning of the 
war. 
Some time after this, Prufias having made an unnatu¬ 
ral attempt on the life of his fon Nicomedes, the latter 
rebelled, and, with the afliftance of Attalus, drove his fa¬ 
ther from the throne, and, as is faid, even murdered him 
in the temple of Jupiter. The Romans took no notice 
of thefe tranfaftions, but fliowed the fame kindnefs to 
Attalus as formerly. The lafl enterprife in which we 
find Attalus engaged, was againll Andrifeus, the preten¬ 
ded fon of Perfes king of Macedon, where he aflifted the 
Romans ; after which he gave himfelf up to eafe and 
luxury, committing ftate-affairs entirely to his mini- 
flers ; and thus continued to his death, which happened 
in the 8zd year of his age, about 138 B. C. 
Attalus II. was fucceeded by Attalus III. the fon of 
Eumenes; for the late king, confidering that he only 
held the crown as a truft for his nephew, palled by his 
own children in order to give it to him, though he ap¬ 
pears to have been by no means worthy of it. He is faid 
to have been deprived of his fenfes through the violence 
of his grief for his mother’s death ; and indeed, through¬ 
out his whole reign, he behaved more like a madman 
than any thing elfe. Many of his fubjefts of the higheft 
quality were cut oft’, with their wives and children, upon 
the mod groundlefs fufpicions ; and for thefe executions 
he made ufe of mercenaries hired out from among the 
moft barbarous nations. Thus he proceeded till he had 
cut off all the bell men in the kingdom ; after which he 
fell into a deep melancholy, imagining that the ghofts of 
thofe whom he had murdered were perpetually haunting 
him. On this he (hut himfelf up in his palace, put on 
mean apparel, let his hair and beard grow', and fequef- 
tered himfelf from all mankind. At laft he withdrew 
from the palace, and retired into a garden, which he cul¬ 
tivated with his own hands, and filled with all forts of 
poifonous herbs. Thefe he ufed to mix with wholefome 
pulfe, and fend packets of them to fuch as he fufpefted. 
At laft, being weary of this amufement, and living in fo- 
litude becaufe nobody durft approach him, he took it in 
his head to follow the trade of a founder, and make a 
brazen monument. But, while he laboured at melting 
and calling the brafs, the heat of the fun and furnace 
threw him into a fever, which in feven days put an end 
to his tyranny, after he had fat on the throne five years. 
On the death of the king, a will was found, by which 
he left the Roman people heirs of all his goods; upon 
which they feized on the kingdom, and reduced it to a 
province of their empire by the name of ProconJ'utar Afia. 
But Ariftonicus, a fon of Eumenes by an Ephefian cour- 
tefan, reckoning himfelf the lawful heir to the crown, 
could by no means be fatisfied with this ufurpation of the 
Romans, and therefore aflembled a confiderable army to 
maintain his pretenfions. The people in general, having- 
been accuftoraed to a monarchy, dreaded a republican 
form of government; in confequence of which they aflif¬ 
ted Ariftonicus, and put him in a condition to reduce 
the w'hole kingdom. The news, however, was foon car¬ 
ried to Rome ; and Licinius Craflus, the pontifex maxi- 
mus, was fent into the eaft, with orders to enforce obe¬ 
dience to the republic. Hiftorians take no notice of any 
forces which were fent along with this commander; 
whence it is fuppofed, that he depended on afliftance 
from the Afiatics, who were in alliance with Rome, or 
from the Egyptians. But, when he came thither, he 
found both the Syrians and Egyptians fo reduced, that 
he could not expeft any afliftance from them. However, 
he was foon fupplied with troops in plenty by the kings 
