€90 
PER 
latitude, and from 45 0 to 6i° eaft longitude, being up¬ 
wards of 1000 miles in length and 600 in breadth. The 
names of the provinces have been given at p. 655. 
During the Marquis Wellefley’s adminiftration in In¬ 
dia, Perfia was an object of his particular notice. After 
the fall of Seringa pa tain in 1800, the firlt million from 
any European nation to the Perfian court, was under 
General (now Sir John) Malcolm, who concluded a 
treaty of amity with that power, by which (he engaged 
to fend 20,000 men againft the Afghans, (hould thole 
tribes attack the company’s territory. The ambalfador, 
who was afterwards lent by Perlia to ratify the treaty, 
was unfortunately killed, with feven of his fuite, in an ac¬ 
cidental fray at Bombay. In 1807, Bonaparte difpatched 
a million under General Gardanne to the Perfian court, 
and another to Cabul, in Upper India. Thefe millions 
were viewed with fo much jealoully by the Supreme Go¬ 
vernment, that in 1808, Mr. Elphinftone, the prefent go¬ 
vernor of Bombay, went on an embalTy to Cabul, and 
fucceeded in removing the French million there; at the 
fame time General Malcolm was fent on a fimilar errand 
to Perlia ; but, being infulted at Abulhire by the gover¬ 
nor of that place, he returned to Calcutta. In 1809 the 
Englilh deftined an expedition of 10,000 troops from 
Bombay againft Perlia, which placed itfelf in a polture of 
defence, and built forts on the coalt of Abulhire; but 
iuch wms the dread of this intended expedition, that the 
Perlians refolved on fending a plenipotentiary to India, 
with an offer to expel the French million from Teheran, 
and to fubfidize any number of Britilh troops that could 
be fpared to expel the Franco-Ruffian attack on the 
northern frontiers of Perfia. 
At this critical moment, Sir Harford Jones arrived on 
an ill-timed embalfy from England, quite independent of 
any control, and without even the privity of the govern¬ 
ment of India. The propofals he was inftrufiied to offer 
to Perfia rendered the intended expedition nugatory, 
and prevented the departure of the plenipotentiary from 
Teheran. Sir Harford Jones concluded a treaty by which 
he engaged the Eaft India Company to pay to Perfia a 
fublidy of 200,000 tomans per annum; and Ihe was alfo 
to receive, without any expenfe to her, as many Britilh 
officers and non-commilfioned officers as fhe might require 
to difcipline her native troops in the northern provinces. 
Mirza Abul Haffan Khan, on the part of Perfia, and 
James Morier, efq. on the part of the Britilh minifter, 
proceeded to England, and obtained a ratification of this 
treaty. 
In 1810, General Malcolm again proceeded to Teheran 
on the invitation of the Shah, who defired to (how him 
kindnefs for the treatment he had received at Abulhire 
in 1808 ; but, differences arifing between the general and 
Sir Harford Jones, the former was fpeediiy ordered back 
to India, and the latter recalled to England. In May of 
the fame year, fir Gore Oufeley left England as ambaffa- 
dor extraordinary and minifter plenipotentiary to the Per¬ 
fian court, with a detachment of artillery and non-com¬ 
milfioned officers under major Darcy and major Stone: 
the latter died in a few months after his arrival. France 
and Rulfia u'ere then in alliance; and Perfia was at war 
with Rulfia, in confequence of her encroachments upon 
the Perfian territory beyond the confines of Georgia, of 
which province Ruffia had poffeffed lierfelf feveral 
years before. France, by general Gardanne’s treaty, 
had engaged to aiTilt the Perlians with troops to recover 
Georgia from the Ruffians ; but this was not attempted, 
in confequence of the fubfequent alliance between the 
emperor Alexander and Napoleon. On the arrival of fir 
Gore Oufeley in 1811, the troops of Abbas Mirza, in the 
north of Perfia, were in a bad Hate of difcipline and 
wretchedly organized. They confided of about fix batta¬ 
lions, fome adting under Perfian words of command, 
others under French, Englilh, and Ruffian. They had 
only 13 pieces of field-artillery, and were without wood 
S I A. 
in the arfenal, or ftores in the magazine. One of fir Gore 
Oufeley’s primary objedts appears to have been to effedl 
an alteration in the exifting treaty, whereby the expenfe 
to the Eaft India Company might be materially reduced. 
He therefore propofed, that the Britilh officers and non- 
commilfioned officers in the fervice of Perfia, who were 
to obtain one ltep of local brevet rank, fhould receive ex¬ 
tra pay from Perfia according to that rank, out of the fub- 
fidy granted by England, which was promifed to be con¬ 
tinued fo long as the Ruffians, retained the Perfian terri¬ 
tories of Lankaroon and Karrabaugh. The Perlians, 
however, refufed to accede to this propolition until after 
theaffairof Sultonboud in 1812, when the Prince Royal’s 
army attacked the Ruffians and obtained a complete vic¬ 
tory. The Shah and Prince Royal afcribed the fuccefs to 
their having been led on by their Englilh friends ; and 
then figned the new treaty propofed by fir Gore Oufeley. 
The Perlians, headed by Englilh officers, were equally 
fuccefsful on the fouth-weft Ihores of the Cafpian Sea. 
They expelled the Ruffians from their polls at Taulilh 
and Lankaroon ; but Darcy, the Englilh commander, 
was compelled to withdraw his party in confequence of 
the arrival of two Ruffian armed veffels bearing a flag 
of truce, with the London Gazette, announcing the pre¬ 
liminaries of peace between Great Britain and Ruffia. 
Soon afterwards Perfia loft the advantages Ihe had ob¬ 
tained ; and, in 1813, ihe acceded to terms of peace) by 
which Ihe not only ceded to Ruffia the province of Tau¬ 
lilh, as far as Aftarria, but renounced all claim to Geor¬ 
gia and Mingrelia, as well as the right of navigating the 
Cafpian Sea by armed veffels of any defcription. Though 
ihe Hill holds the port of Relht on that fea, Ihe is re- 
ftrained from even building a boat, notwithftanding 
there is a remarkably fine foreft of timber in the province. 
Subfequently, the Ruffians conquered the entire province 
of Dnghiitan from the native tribes ; and the garrifons of 
that nation now extend to the banks of the Araxes, and 
along the fouthern Ihores of the Cafpian Sea. 
I11 confequence of the before-mentioned treaty, fir 
Gore Oufeley, in May 1814, proceeded to St. Peterlburg, 
leaving Mr. Morier in charge at Teheran. He was 
ffiortly joined by Mr. Ellis, with inftrudlions to cut off 
the fubfidy, and every other expenfe attached to England. 
This meafure, effedled againft fir Gore Oufeley’s aflu- 
rance to the contrary, was the principal caufe of Mirza 
Abul Haffan Khan’s lecond embaffy to England in 1819, 
when it was arranged by the late Britilh minifter for fo¬ 
reign affairs, that 100,000 tomans, or fix months’ arrear 
of fubfidy, (hould be forthwith paid by the government 
of India to Perfia. As a meafure of economy, but in 
violation of the third article of the Perfian treaty with 
England, Meffrs. Morier and Ellis ordered all the Britilh 
officers and non-commiffioned officers to depart from Per¬ 
fia by the ill of January following, notwithftanding they 
were entitled to pay, whether they remained in Perfia or 
were in England or India. The Prince Royal remonftra- 
ted and protefted againft the meafure without avail; but, 
this miftaken economy being perfifted in, the prince refol¬ 
ved on procuring.French officers to replace his Englilh 
friends; a purpole that he abandoned foleiy on condition 
that Lieutenant-colonel Darcy would take a certain num¬ 
ber of Perfian youths from Tabriz to England, under his 
immediate charge, for the purpofe of receiving liberal and 
fcientific inftrudtion. The prince applied to the Britilh 
minifter at Teheran to landtion his wilhes, which were fo 
far acquiefced in, that Darcy had no alternative but to 
proceed with his charge, or take upon himfelf the relpon- 
fibility of ferioully offending the prince by a diredt refufal. 
They accordingly proceeded to England by way of Ruffia, 
“fubject to the ulterior willies of his majefty’s govern¬ 
ment.” The Britilh officer intruded with thefe youths 
had funds placed in his hands by the Prince Royal to 
pay the expenfes of their journey, and a regulated allow¬ 
ance during one year’s refidence in England; which, in 
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