P E 
are no docks; and veffels that need repair can only be 
careened. It is in fouth latitude 12 0 3' 42", and weft 
longitude from Greenwich 77 0 14'. 
The other towns are Guara, Chancay, Canete, lea, 
Pifco, and Nafca, none of which, except lea, contain more 
than 1500 inhabitants, of all defcriptions. There are few 
mines in the intendency of Lima that are worked; the 
chief is that of Conchaputa, in the mountains of Guara- 
chiri, which yields fome fdver, and which would alfo, if 
the roads would allow of it, fupply the capital with 
coals. Antimony and cobalt are likewife to be found in 
the fame diftridh 
2. The intendency of Cufco lies on both fides of the 
Andes, and partakes of that great variety of climates 
which is produced by the different elevations and afpedts 
of that prodigious range of mountains. Though the 
cold is fo intenfe as to forbid human refidences on the 
fummits, or cordilleras, yet the chief places which are in¬ 
habited enjoy a mild and temperate climate. It is 
bounded on the north by the great river Apurimac, on 
the eaft by unreclaimed countries, on the weft by the 
provinces of Tarma, Guancavelica, and Guamanga, and 
on the fouth by Arequipa and the vice-royalty of La 
Plata. This is the chief feat of what manufactures of 
woollens and of leather exirt in Peru ; as both ftieep and 
cows are here more abundant than in any other part of it. 
The diftridt of Cannas is celebrated for breeding mules; 
of which animals more than 30,000 are annually fent to 
the towns on the coaft. The agricultural productions 
generally partake father of the charadler of thofe of the 
temperate than the torrid zone; wheat, barley, and 
other European grains, forming the chief articles of 
cultivation. There are many filver-mines, and fome few 
waftiing-places for gold. The principal of the former 
are at Carahuafi, near the capital, in the diftridt of 
Cotabamba, in Condonoma, Aymaraez, and efpecially in 
the province of Lampa. 
The chief city of the intendency of Cufco has the fame 
name, and is in fouth latitude 13 0 25' and weft longitude 
71 0 15'. It is furrounded by the mountains of Sanca on 
its north and weft fides, and has a beautiful plain to the 
fouth, through which the river Guatanay, which pafles 
the city, runs. On the mountain to the north of the 
city are the remains of a famous fortrefs of the incas. 
The internal works are in ruins, but a great part of the 
wall is ftill ftanding. Cufco is at this time a large city, 
containing 32,000 inhabitants, three-fourths of whom 
are Indians, who are induftrioufly employed in the ma¬ 
nufactures of woollen baize, of cotton, and of leather. 
The number of Spanith families is final!. The cathedral 
is a noble pile of building, of ftone; and there are alfo 
ffx pariffi-churches, nine convents, and four nunneries. 
The chief of thefe towns are Abancay, Urcos, Calca, 
Cotabamba, Tinta, and Lampa, none of which contain 
fo many as 1500 inhabitants. The difficulty of commu¬ 
nication between thefe places is fuch as to forbid much 
intercourfe. The rapid ftreams defcending from the 
Andes have worn fuch numerous and fuch deep ravines, 
as are only to be crofted, with great rifk, by bridges of 
ropes; and frequently are paffed by fufpending the tra¬ 
vellers in large bafkets from cables ftretched acrols fif- 
fures, along which they defcend from the higher to the 
lower banks of the tremendous precipices. 
3. Arequipa is an intendency ftretching along the bor¬ 
ders of the Pacific, but extending fufficiently inwards to 
contain a large mountainous diftridt within its limits. Its 
fouthern boundary is the inhofpitable defert of Atacama. 
Its plantations yield maize, fugar, and coffee. The 
vineyards are extenfive, efpecially thofe of Moquehua, 
which produce a delicious red wine, and the brandy 
diftilled in this diftridt lupplies an extenfive circle of 
the mountainous countries. The moft celebrated of the 
filver-mines are fituated on the fouthern part of this 
intendency; thofe of Huantajaya, near the fmall port of 
Yquiaue, are furrounded with vaft beds of rock-falt, in 
R U. 758 
a diftridt totally deftitute of water, and where proviiions 
are fcarce ; but, as the filver is found in native maffes, it 
has produced ufually about roo,ooo marks annually. 
The diftridt of Caylloma contains feveral mines of filver, 
but they are very imperfedtly worked ; for they are in a 
very high elevation, and confequently in a climate moft 
intenfely cold ; and the furrounding country produces 
but few means offubfilting the labourers. 
The city of Arequipa, the capital or this intendency, 
is fituated in the beautiful valley of Quiica, about 60 
miles due eaft from the port of Atranta. It is in 16 0 16' 
of fouth latitude, and 71 0 58' weft longitude. See Are- 
quiPA, vol. ii. 
In Condefuyos are mines both of gold and filver, 
though llightly worked; as many of the inhabitants have 
found more profitable labour than mining, by railing 
liik-worms, and by breeding the cochineal-infedt. The 
other towms of moft confideration are Camana, Ocana, a 
fmall bad port, Caylloma, Moquehua, Arica, and Tacna ; 
none of which are either populous or rich, and are chiefly 
inhabited by Indians. 
4. The intendency of Truxilhi is the moft northern, as 
well as the moft extenfive, divifion of Peru. The face 
of the greater part ofthe diftridt: has all the predominant 
features of the Arabian defert. From Tumbez, the 
boundary, to the capital of its department, Piura, a 
diftance of more than 200 miles, there is but one 
fmall Indian village. No water is to be found in any 
other place; and that indifpenfable article muft be con¬ 
veyed in (kins, on mules, for the ufe of travellers. In 
thisfandy defert, the moft experienced guides fometimes 
lofe their way, and the bodies of paffengers are occaiion- 
buried under the waves of (hitting (and. There are, 
however, fome fpots within the intendency that enjoy a 
high degree of fertility; as is the diftridt of Caxamarea, 
fituated between two ridges of the Andes. At this place- 
are the remains of the ancient Palace of Atabalipa, frdm 
whence Pizarro directed his operations, and where that 
monarch was killed; and a family defcended from the 
incas, reduced to a (bate of comparative indigence, occu¬ 
pies this ancient refidence of their royal anceftors. 
The chief mines within the intendency are thofe of 
Chota, near the limit of perpetual fnow, being 53,800 
feet above the level of the fea; of Micuipampa, 12,000 
feet; and fome at Pataz which yield both gold and 
filver. 
There are two cities in the intendency. Truxillo, the 
capital, is the fee of a bithop, and the feat of the courts" 
of juftice. The inhabitants are about 6000, principally, 
rich Spaniards, who indulge in confiderable (how and 
luxury. Piura contains about 7000 inhabitants, chiefly 
Indians- The other towns, Tumbez, Lechura, Payta, 
and Lambayeque, fcarcely contain 1000 inhabitants each, 
who are in a low date of indigence. 
5. Guamanga, or Huamanga, is an intendency wholly 
internal, furrounded by other parts of Peru. From its 
elevation on the fides ofthe Andes, it enjoys a mild and 
temperate climate. It is much interfedted with ftreams, 
or rather torrents, which have worn deep chafms in the 
friable foil, and prevent ea(y communication between its 
feveral diftridts, It yields excellent corn and fruits, and 
the wool of the (lieep is here made into baize for clothing 
the inhabitants of the colder diftridts. In the mountains 
are found herds of huanucos, or Peruvian camels, 
employed as beafts of burden in the colder regions, and 
whole wool is ufed in the manufactories. There are 
alfo many cows and ftieep of the European breeds, reared 
within the diftridt. It is the chief country for the growth 
of the coca, wdiich ferves to the natives of Peru the fame 
purpofe as the betel does to thofe of the Eaft Indies.- 
Thereare mines of lead, gold, and filver; but theirprodudts 
have much declined of late years. The capital, Guamanga, 
fituated in fouth latitude 12 0 50', and weft longitude 77 0 
56', is a well-built city, of confiderable extent. Its popu¬ 
lation amounts to about 26,000, of whom the greater 
1 part 
