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notice of artifls. Peruzzi was at Rome at its fack in 
1527, where he ranfomed himfelf by a portrait of the Con- 
ftable Bourbon, made after he was killed ; but, in return¬ 
ing to Sienna, he was completely ftript by fome marau¬ 
ders. He again returned to Rome, where he was much 
employed, but miferably remunerated; and he died in 
poverty in 1536. He compofed a Treatife on the Anti¬ 
quities of Rome, and a Commentary on Vitruvius, but 
did not live to publifh them. There is at Wilton a pic¬ 
ture of his of the Four Evangelifts in Glory, with their 
peculiar chara&eriftic accompaniments, which bears 
ample teftimony to the truth of this remark ; and per¬ 
haps it is the only real fpecimen of his pencil in England. 
PER'WIS, a town of the Netherlands : fix miles north- 
eaft of Gemblours. 
PERZA'GNO, a town of Albania, on the canal of 
Cattaro. 
PERZE'NE, a town of Italy: eight miles north-eaft 
of Bologna. 
PES, f. [Latin.] The foot. A long meafure of 12 
inches. 
PES ANSERI'NUS,/. in botany. See Ciienopodium 
and Atriplex. 
-CA'PRZE. See Convolvulus and Oxalis. 
--COLUMBI'NUS. See Geranium. 
-- EQUI'NUS. See Hydrocotyle. 
-LEO'NIS. See Alchemilla. 
-TIGRl'DIS. See Ipom^ea. 
PE'SA, an old law-term for a -weigh , or certain weight, 
of cheefe, wool, See. 
PESA'DE,/.— Pefade is a motion a horfe makes in 
railing or lifting up his fore quarters, keeping his hind 
legs upon the ground without ftirring, fo that he marks 
no time with his haunches till his fore-legs reach the 
ground. This motion affords the true means of fixing 
his head and liis haunches, to make him ply and bend 
his fore-thighs, and to hinder him from ftarnping and 
clattering with his feet. James's Mil. Difi. 
PES'AGE, f [pefagium , Lat.] A cuftom, or duty,paid 
for weighing goods and merchandife. Jacob. 
PESAGOON'DAN, a town on the weft coaft of 
Borneo. Lat. 2. 12. N. Ion. 109. 58. E. 
PESAN 1 , a fmall ifiand near the coaft of China. Lat. 
26. 52. N. Ion. 120. E. 
PESA'RO, or Pezaro, a town of Italy, in the Pope¬ 
dom, at the mouth of the Foglia, on the Adriatic; the 
fee of a bifhop, fuftragan of Urbino. It contains eight 
churches and twelve convents. The figs and olives 
which grow in the environsare in great eftimation. This 
city was anciently called Pifaurnm, and was made a Ro¬ 
man colony about the year of Rome 568, and a temple 
was built here to Jupiter Pifaurus. Plutarch, in his Life 
of Anthony, fays, Pifaurum was laid in ruins by an earth¬ 
quake, a little before the battle of Aftium ; but that Au- 
guftus caufed it to be rebuilt as foon as he was at peace. 
Totila king of the Goths, having taken and ruined it; it 
was rebuilt by Belifarius, general to the emperor Jufti- 
nian. This city came fucceflively under the dominion 
of the Malatefta, the Sforza, and the Borgia, families; 
and at laft under the power of the popes. It is fituated 
upon a fmall rifing ground near the Adriatic Sea, and is 
pretty well fortified. L. Attius or Accius, one of the 
moft excellent tragic poets in ancient Rome; and Pan- 
dulfus Collenutius, author of a Hiftory of Naples, w'ere 
natives of Pefaro ; as was likewife ZEmilius Mancinus, 
who wrote the hillory of his own country, and another 
book concerning its laws : fifteen miles north-eaft of 
Urbino, thirty-eight north-weft of Ancona. Lat. 43. 56. 
N. Ion. 12. 52. E. 
PESA'RO (John),doge of Venice in the year 1658. He 
reigned only eighteen months. A maufoleum of extra¬ 
ordinary beauty is placed to his memory in the church 
of the Brethren at Venice: in this monument is the 
ftatue of Pefaro, feated under a canopy of ftate, all of the 
fineft marble, and ornamented with many other figures, 
particularly four blacks who fupport the canopy; there 
is alfo a long infeription to his memory. He profecuted 
the war fuccefsfully againft the Turks, over whom he 
gained feveral victories in the Levant and in Dalmatia. 
PES'CA PAGA'NI, a town of Naples, in the Bafili- 
cata : fix miles north-welt of Muro. 
PESCA'RA, a town of Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, fitu¬ 
ated at the mouth of a river of the fame name, which 
runs into the Adriatic; fortified and defended by a 
caltle. It was once the fee of a bifhop : ten miles north 
of Civita di Chieti. Lit. 42. 27. N. Ion. 14. 6. E. 
PESCA'RA, a river of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, 
which runs into the Adriatic at Pefcara. 
PESCARO'LO, a town of Italy : nine miles north- 
eaft of Cremona. 
PESCAT'AWAY, a town of North America, in Ma¬ 
ryland : twenty-five miles fouth-weft of Annapolis. 
PESCEN'NIUS NIGER. See Niger, and the article 
Rome. 
PESCHIE'RA, a town of Italy, on the fouth coaft of 
Lake Garda. This is a fmall but important fortrefs, 
built by the Venetians in the year 1549. It has but few 
houfes, and an arfenal for fome light galleys on the fide of 
the Lake: fifteen miles weft of Verona, leventeen north- 
north-weft of Mantua. Lat. 45. 7. N. Ion. 10. 42. E. 
PESCHI'SE, a town of Naples, in Capitanata : eleven 
miles north-weft of Viefte. 
PES'CIA, a town of Etruria, the fee of a bifhop. It 
contains three parochial, feven other churches, and five 
convents. The oil made here is much efteemed : ten 
miles fouth-weft of Piftoya. 
PES'CIA, a town of Italy, in the Trevifan : feven miles 
fouth of Trevigio. 
PESCI'NA, a town of Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra: five 
miles fouth-eaft of Celanp. 
PESCI'NA DE FRA'TRI, a town of Naples, in the 
province of Capitanata : eight miles weft of Viefte. 
PESCI'NA POMPE'IA, a town of Naples, in the pro¬ 
vince of Bari : nine miles north of Matera. 
PES'CO CASTRA'RO, a town of Naples, in Abruzzo 
Ultra : eleven miles north-eaft of Aquila. 
PES'CO COSTAN'ZO, a town of Naples, in Abruzzo 
Citra: feven miles fouth-eaft of Sulmona. 
PES'CO LAURI'NO, a town of Naples, in Principato 
Citra : eighteen miles north-weft of Policaftro. 
PES'CO PAG A'NO, a town of Naples, in the province 
of Otranto: eleven miles north-eaft of Tarento. 
PES'CO VERRA'RO, a town of Naples, in Principato 
Ultra: twelve miles from Benevento. 
PESCOT'TOR, a river of South-Wales, which runs 
into the Towy in the county of Caermarthen. 
PESE'NAS, an ancient town of France, in Languedoc, 
and in the diocefe of Agde ; delightfully feated on the 
river Pein : twelve miles north-eaft of Beffeirs, and eight 
north of Agde. Lat. 43. 28. N. Ion. 3. 34. E. 
PES'ENB ACH, a river of Auftria, which runs into the 
Danube eight miles above Lintz. 
PESEQUEI'RO, a fmall ifland in the Atlantic, near the 
coaft of Portugal. Lat. 37. 40. N. Ion. 8. 52. W. 
PESHAW'ER, the capital of the kingdom of Caubul, 
a country lying between Perfia and Hindooftan. This 
territory has become known to us in confequence of an 
embafiy that was fent there, by the Eaft India Com¬ 
pany, during the laft war. 
It appears that an opinion was entertained by the Bri- 
tifh government at Calcutta, in 1808, refulting from the 
embafiy of the French general Gardanne to Perfia, that 
Bonaparte had views of penetrating by land to Hindoftan, 
and of thus attempting the conquelt of that wealthy and 
important portion of our oriental dominions. It w'as 
therefore deemed necefiary to found the difpofitions, and 
to conciliate the co-operation, of thofe ruling princes of 
the Eaft, through whole territories the troops of the 
French were to march. (See p. 690 ) Among thefe in¬ 
dependent fovereignties, the court of Caubul held a high 
rank 3 
