MOROCCO. 
Muley Achmet into the defert, with a part of his family, 
that he might have nothing to fear from his qmbition. 
The former, however, was afl'affinated in 1556, and the 
latter was murdered in prifon: and thus both tliefe fha- 
rifs, who had perfidioufly made religion and good faith 
a pretext to defpoil their mailers and benefaftorsof lbve- 
reignty, fell themfelves, as did allb'moil of their poke- 
rity, by the hands of murderers, and thus received the 
juft recompence of their crimes. 
Muley Abdallah, the fon of Muley Mahomet, was, in 
1557, joyfully received at Morocco, whither he repaired 
as foon as he heard of the death of his father; and, hav¬ 
ing aflfembled the chiefs of the army and the principal 
men of the city, he was proclaimed king of Fez, Morocco, 
and ether towns and provinces under the dominion of 
the iharif. Upon the death of Abdallah in 1574, he was 
fucceeded by his eldeft fon Muley Mohamet, furnamed 
the Negro; and, when he prematurely died, Muley Ach¬ 
met, uncle of Muley Mahomet, was proclaimed king of 
Fez; and he obliged his brothers to fwear fidelity to his 
fon Muley Shek, and to infure to him the fucceflion. 
Muley Achmet was loved and refpefted by his fubjefts; 
he was the laft defeendant of the fharifs, and died in 
7603, much regretted. After his death, Muley Sidan, the 
youngeft of his foils, was proclaimed his fuccefl'or; and, 
notwithftanding the various competitions of his brothers, 
he remained fovereign of the empire. At length, in 1630, 
he died at Morocco, leaving princes, as his fuccefl'ors, 
who were little qualified to govern. 
Muley Abdelmeleck, eldeft fon of Muley Sidan, fuc- 
ceeded his father, and was the firft king of Morocco, 
who, beholding feveral fmall kingdoms united under his 
government, aflumed the title of emperor. His conduct 
excited public difeontent, and in 1635 he was afl'aftinated. 
Upon his death, his brother Muley El-Valid afeended the 
throne; and his reign was diftinguiflied by condefcenfion 
and affability, fo that he gained the cordial efteem of his 
fubjefts. His death took place in 1647 ; and Muley Ach¬ 
met Shek, the laft of the fons of Muley Sidan, was elefted 
emperor. The indolence and effeminacy in which this 
monarch lived, and the oppreflions of the governors of 
provinces and cities, excited murmurs among the people, 
and at length univerfal difeontent. The mountaineers, 
having befieged and taken Morocco, put Muley Achmet 
to death, and proclaimed one of their chiefs, named Crom- 
El-Hadgy, who reigned fome years, but without the love 
of his people. This prince inhumanly maflacred all the 
defendants of the fharifs who might difturb his reign; 
and by his cruelty revenged the blood and the rights of 
the houf'e of Merini, whole monarchs thefe fame fharifs 
had deftroyed, after having ftripped them of wealth and 
fovereignty. Crom-El-Hadgy, after having reigned about 
feven years, clofed his life tragically, and was fucceeded by 
his fon Muley Shek, who was dethroned by a new revo¬ 
lution, which placed the prefent reigning family on the 
throne. 
The Moors of Tafilet, who, on account of a dearth in 
the province, made a pilgrimage to Mecca, brought back 
a fharif, named Muley Ali, a defeendant of Mahomet, 
born at the town of Yambo, near Medina, who was 
treated with great refpeft, and was at length advanced 
to the throne. This dynaity acquired the name of Fileli, 
derived from Tafilet, of which Muley Sharif was fovereign. 
He is faid to have had eighty-four fons, and a greater 
number of daughters. However that be, the firft and the 
two laft, viz. Muley Mahomet, Muley Arfhid, and Muley 
Ifhmael, reigned in fucceflion. The firft died in "1664, 
and was fucceeded by Muley Arfhid, who terminated his 
life in 1672, and left behind him a character marked by 
a fucceflion of cruelties, which the ferocity of his cha- 
rabler rendered habitual, and led him to praftife for 
amufement. His fuccefl'or, Muley Ifhmael, poflefi'ed the 
the fame qualities, and ftili greater vices than his brother. 
Wholly regardlefs of the lives of men, the emperor made 
it his paftime to afl'aflinate them with his own hand. But 
in the character of this monarch were found the moft 
lingular inconfiftencies; for it is certain, that, although 
a tyrant, yet in other refpefts, as if to repair the mifehief 
which he committed, he left nothing undone for the en¬ 
couragement of population. He introduced large colo¬ 
nies of negroes from Guinea ; built towns for them, many 
of which are ftili remaining; afligned tlieni portions of 
land, and encouraged their increafe by every poflible 
means. He foon initiated them in the Mahometan faith; 
and, had his plan been followed, the country by this time 
would have been populous, and probably fiourifhing. 
As the Negroes are of a more lively, aftive, and enter- 
prifing, difpofition, than the Moors, they might foon have 
been taught the arts of agriculture; and their Angular 
ingenuity might have been directed to other ufeful pur- 
poles. It is true, Muley Ifhmael, when he adopted this 
plan, had more objects in view than that of merely 
peopling his dominions. He faw plainly that his own 
fubjefts were of too capricious a difpofition to form fol- 
diers calculated for his tyrannical purpofes. They had 
uniformly manifefted an inclination to change their fove- 
reigns, though more from the love of variety than to re¬ 
form the government, or reftrain the abufes of tyranny. 
Muley Ifhmael had difeernment enough to fee, that by 
forming an army of Haves, whofe foie dependence fhould 
reft upon their mailer, he could eaflly train them in fuch 
a manner as to aft in the ftrifteft conformity to his wifties. 
He foon learnt that the great objeft with the negroes was 
plenty of money and liberty of plunder; in thefe he li¬ 
berally indulged them, and the plan fully anfwered his 
expeftations. Though, however, Muley Ifhmael had no 
great merit in introducing fubjefts for the purpofes of ty¬ 
ranny, yet the good effefts of this new colonization were 
very generally experienced. By intermarrying among 
themfelves, and intermixing among the Moors (for the 
Moors will keep negro women as concubines, though 
they feldom marry them), a new race of people flatted 
up, who became as ufeful fubjefts as the native inhabi¬ 
tants, and hrought the empire into a much more floie- 
rifliing Hate than it had ever been in fince their great 
revolution. 
After a reign of fifty-four years, Muley Ifhmael died 
in 1727, at the age of eighty-one. His fuccefl'or was his 
fon Muley Achmet Daiby, who was proclaimed empe¬ 
ror by the grandees and the negroes, and who became 
brutal by infolence and intemperance, fo that he was 
defpifed and hated by his fubjefts. He died of an in¬ 
curable dropfy in 1729, and was fucceeded by Muley Ab¬ 
dallah, who was capricious and cruel. He was fix times 
depofed, and as often regained the throne. Death con- 
ftrained him to vacate the throne in 1757, after having 
divided the empire with his fon Sidi Mahomet, who, hav¬ 
ing accullomed the people to refpeft his authority, fuc¬ 
ceeded to the throne without oppofition. This prince 
manifefted a laudable defire of making peace with the 
powers of Europe; and accordingly, after confirming that 
already made between Morocco, England, and Holland, 
he began his reign with concluding treaties with Den¬ 
mark and Sweden, and in the following year with Venice, 
France, Spain, and Portugal. In 1712 the emperor and 
the grand duke of Tufcany made peace, and the other 
powers of Italy enjoyed a kind of truce, with the empire 
of Morocco. For the encouragement of commerce, he 
built the town of Mogador, where nature had formed a 
port acceflible at all feafons. He ordered the fortreffes of 
Laracha. and Rabat to be repaired, embelliflied each of 
thefe cities with fome edifices and public markets, and 
made additions to his own palace at Morocco. He mul¬ 
tiplied mercantile eftablifhments on the coaft of Morocco; 
and merchants fettled at Santa Cruz, Mogador, Safli, 
Rabat, Laracha, and Tetuan. Defirous of effacing the 
remembrance of all the caprices of his father, lie wholly 
employed himfelf in the refloration of order, of re-efta- 
blifhing rules for government, and uniformity in the de- 
cilions of juftice; and, with a view of carrying all bis 
i laudable 
