11 
M O R 
paid, would have been obliged to return to the fouth, 
•where he would have been fold,.or compelled to embrace 
the Mahometan religion ; for the Britilh vice-conful had 
not the purchafe-money, nor any orders to redeem him, 
having previoufly fent to the conful-general an account 
of the purchafe of the reft of the crew. This man was de¬ 
livered tip, by the merchant who had redeemed him, to the 
Britifli vice-conful, to whom he looked for payment. Va¬ 
rious applications were made to the conful-general; butthe 
money was not paid two years afterwards, all applications 
to government having failed. A reprefentation of the 
cate was next made to the Ironmongers’ Company in 
London, who poffefs a fund which has been eftablithed 
ever fince the year 1724, for the redemption of Britifli 
flaves in Turkey and Barbary ; who, after deliberating on 
the matter, agreed to pay the merchant the money he had 
advanced. (See the article London, vol. xiii. p. 605.) 
The purchafe-money, in this cafe, including the coft 
of clothes, (for the man was naked when purchafed), 
did not amount altogether to forty pounds. There was, 
however, fo much trouble attending the accompliftiment 
of the bufinefs, .that no individual merchant has fince 
ventured to make an advance on a fimilar fecurity ; for, 
not to mention the difficulty of recovering'the principal 
at the expiration of a long period, the value of money is 
fuch at Mogador, that merchants are unwilling to advance 
it at a low intereft, 6 per cent, per month being often paid 
for it. 
Of the 200 perfons above mentioned, as compofing 
the crews of fhipwrecked veflels, Mr. Jackfon eftimates, 
that 40 continued unredeemed among the Arabs, in 
confequence of no offers having been made for them 
by the confuls; and that 80 were redeemed, after a te¬ 
dious captivity, fometimes of five years. The remain¬ 
ing 80 were either killed at firft, or induced to embrace 
the Mahometan religion. The remedy for this great evil 
is pointed out by him as follows : “ If any nation of Eu¬ 
rope ought to enquire into the mode of remedying this 
evil, it is certainly Great Britain, whofe influence at the 
court of Morocco might be made very confiderable and 
advantageous to the country. A trifling fum would be 
fufficient at Mogador, if depofited in the hands of the 
vice-conful, or any merchant of refpeftability, where it 
might remain ready to be employed in the purchafe of 
t-hefe unfortunate people; and, by allowing a fum rather 
above the price of a black flave, the Arabs would imme¬ 
diately bring them to Mogador, knowing they could de¬ 
pend on an adequate price. By this means, they might 
be procured for half what they now coft; and it would 
be an infinitely better plan, than that of foliciting the em¬ 
peror to procure them through the bafliaw of Sufe ; for, 
befides the delay, and confequent protrafted fufferings of 
the captives, the favour is confidered by the emperor as 
incalculably more than the coft and charges of their pur¬ 
chafe. It is generally a month or two before the news of 
a fliipwreck reaches Mogador, at which time, if a fund 
were there depofited, a hundred and fifty dollars would be 
fufficient to purchafe each man ; yet, often from the 
fcarcity of fpecie, and the various demands which the 
merchants have for their money, they have it not in their 
power (however charitably difpofed) to redeem thefe 
poor men ; and, if they do, it is at their own rifle ; and 
they mull wait to know if the government choofes to re- 
imburfe their expenfes.” As a further proof of the prac¬ 
ticability of eftablifhing an advantageous alliance with 
the prefent emperor, it Ihould be here obferved, that his 
predeceflors often obliged the Englifh to lend an ambafia- 
dor with prefents, See. to folicit the liberation of Britifli 
feamen ; but Muley Soliman, the prefent emperor, gives 
them up to the Britifli conful, without exadhng this. 
If we except fome trifling barter, the .fijfety of the fea 
has been the principal caufe why the nations of Europe 
have made treaties with the emperor of Morocco. Eng¬ 
land is the firft power which concluded treaties of friend- 
fliip and commerce with the emperors of this country. 
occo. 
Pofleffing Tangiers, ceded to her by Portugal in 1662, an 
intercourfe fubfifted between England and Morocco; but 
it was often interrupted by the caprices of Muley Khmael. 
At the commencement of the laft century, a treaty of peace 
was renewed under George I. After the death of Muley 
Iflimael this treaty was confirmed, and renewed in 1728 
by Muley Achmet Daiby, and a little time after by Muley 
Abdallah. The Englifh have long maintained a trade on 
the coaft of this empire, where they fell coarfe cloths, 
ferges, linens, pewter, lead, mercers’ commodities, and 
the iron which their fhips bring from Bifcay. In return 
they receive fometimes oils, gums,wax, elephants’ teeth; 
and have often fent, in French bottoms, to Marfeilles, oils, 
raw hides, and wool. Before the American war had fe- 
parated America from England, they alfo exported a num¬ 
ber of mules to North America. 
In 1732 an ambafiador was fent by Muley Abdallah into 
Holland, and the republic then made its peace with that 
emperor; but fubfequent revolutions gave little liability 
to that treaty. Holland was the firft power that renewed 
treaties of peace with Sidi Mahomet; but this emperor 
afterwards, viz. towards the end of 1774, declared war 
againft the Dutch. However, Holland renewed the peace 
in 1778. Holland afterwards carried on fome trade with 
the coaft of Morocco ; and cuftom has almoft rendered her 
importations neceflary. _ She there vends quantities of Si- 
lefian linens, called platillas, many of the coarfe linens of 
the Baltic, and others, fome few fpices, drugs, tea, tim¬ 
ber, iron of Bifcay, and quantities of the cutlery and 
mercery wares of Germany. Holland has been ufed to 
receive from the coaft of Morocco, in return, fometimes 
oils, wax, gums, and elephants’ teeth; but, as thefe re¬ 
turns, which fuitthe Dutch merchants, are infufficient to 
balance the quantity of merchandife they fend thither, 
they have almoft continually profited by the facility with 
which they can run for the French ports, to fend oils to 
Marfeilles, wools, and raw hides, which there find a more 
ready fale than in the north. The court of Denmark 
began to negociate with Sidi Mahometan 1755. But in¬ 
terruptions occurred, and the Danes could obtain the 
continuation of peace merely by paying annually the fum 
of 25,000 piaftres. Denmark has not itfelfany trade with 
that coaft. The Swedes concluded peace with the empe¬ 
ror of Morocco in 1763, on condition of paying a certain 
tribute; but in 1771 Guftavus III. objected to this tri¬ 
bute ; and it was at length agreed, that the king of Sweden 
fhould fend an ambafiador and a prefent once in two years 
to the emperor of Morocco. The Swedes have no com¬ 
mercial intercourfe with this empire. The republic of 
Venice made peace with the emperor of Morocco in 1765, 
on condition of paying an annual tribute of upwards of four 
hundred thoufand pounds; and, after fome temporary dif- 
cord, peace was re-eftablilhed in 1781. That republic has 
no commercial intercourfe with Morocco, and therefore, 
like the courts of Denmark and Sweden, pays this tribute 
folely for the fafety of navigation. The court of Spain, as 
well as that of France, made peace with the emperor of 
Morocco in 1767. But a rupture occurred between Spain 
and the emperor; and the court of Madrid, deferring to 
conclude a treaty, was fatisfied with remaining in a kind 
of truce. Sidi Mahomet renewed peace with Spain in 
1780. Between Portugal and Morocco there is no con¬ 
tinued trade; and the intercourfe of the two courts is 
fimply confined to teftimonies of friendfliip : the republic 
of Genoa enjoyed a kind of truce with the empire of 
Morocco, wholly unfupported by any treaty. In 1777, 
the emperor of Morocco, being at peace with the princi¬ 
pal commercial nations, granted, by public letters, entire 
liberty to all fliips to trade with, and enter, his ports, pro- 
fefling himfelf deiirous of maintaining peace with.-,the 
whole .world. But this declaration produced little effaft, 
and was foon counterafted by his own conduct. The United 
States of America, after fecuring their independence, 
wilhing to profit, during the year 1786, by the pacific dif- 
pofitiou which the emperor 01 Morocco hud announced to 
