34 M O R 
fure, of oil 5 and mix them together with a grinding-mill, 
or any levigating machine : and afterwards mix and beat 
up the fame well with twenty-eight quarts, beer-meafure, 
of any fand or gravel, or of both, mixed and fifted, or of 
marble or (lone pounded, or of brick-dull, or of any kind 
of metallic or mineral powders, or of any folid material 
whatever, fit for the purpofe. 
For the fecond coat, take fixteen pounds and a half of 
fuperfine whiting, or oylter-lhells, or any fea-lhells cal¬ 
cined, &c. as for the fird coat; add fixteen pounds and a 
half of white or red lead, to which put fix quarts and a 
half of oil, wine-meafure, and mix them together as 
before: afterwards mix and beat up the lame w'ell with 
thirty quarts, wine-meafure, of fine fand or gravel fifted, 
or Hone or marble pounded, or pyrites, or any kind of 
metallic or mineral powder, &c, This compofition re¬ 
quires a greater proportion of fand, gravel, or other 
folids, according to the nature of the work, or the ufes 
to which it is to be applied. If it be required to have 
the compofition coloured, add to the above ingredients 
fuch a proportion of painters’ colours as will be neceflary 
to give th,e teint or colour required. In making the 
compofition, the bell linfeed or hempfeed, or other oils 
proper for the purpofe, are to be ufed, boiled or raw', with 
drying ingredients, as the nature of the work, the feafon, 
or the climate, requires ; and, in fome cafes, bees-wax may 
be fubllituted in place of oil: all the abforbent and folid 
materials mull be kiln-dried. If the compofition is to be 
of any other colour than white, the lead may be omitted, 
by taking the full proportion of the other ablorbents; and 
alfo white or red lead may be fubllituted alone, inllead 
of any other abforbent material. 
Thefirlt coat of this compofition is to be laid on with 
a trowel, and floated to an even furface with a rule or 
darby, (i. e. a handle-float.) The fecond coat, after it is 
laid on with a trowel, when the other is nearly dry, Ihould 
be worked down and fmoothed with floats edged with 
horn, or any hard fmooth fubllance that does not llain. 
It may be proper, previoully to laying on the compofition, 
to moilten the furface on which it is to be laid by a brufh 
with the fame fort of oil and ingredients which pafs 
through the levigating machine, reduced to a more liquid 
Hate, in order to make the compofition adhere the better. 
This compofition admits of being modelled or call in 
moulds, in the fame manner as pladerers or flatuaries 
model or call their llucco-W'ork. It alfo admits of being 
painted upon, and adorned with landfcape, or ornamental, 
or figure-painting, as well as plain painting. For the 
invention of this llucco, Mr. Liardet obtained a patent 
in 1773 for fourteen years, the term of which was ex¬ 
tended to eighteen years, in confequence of an adt of 
parliament in 1776. For competitions very fimilar to the 
preceding, patents were granted to Dr. Wark in 1765, 
Mr. Emerton in 1771, and to Mr. Rawlinfon in 1772. 
Dr. Shaw informs us in his Travels, that the cement 
or mortar ufed in Barbary, which is apparently of the 
fame conlillence and compofition with thofe of the 
ancients, is made in the followdng manner: They take 
two parts of wood-alhes, three of lime, and one of fine 
fand, which, after being well fifted and mixed together, 
they beat for three days and nights incefiantly with 
wooden mallets, fprinkling them alternately and at pro¬ 
per times with a little oil and w'ater, till they become of 
a due confluence. This compofition, he adds, is chiefly 
ufed in their arches, cillerns, and terraces; but the pipes 
of their aquedudts are joined, by beating tow and lime 
together w’ith oil only, without any mixture of water. 
Both thefe compofitions quickly affume the hardnels of 
Hone, and fuller no water to prevade them : and will, 
therefore, anfwer the purpofe of llucco. 
Dr. Higgins deferibes a water-cement, or llucco, of 
his own invention, for incrullations internal and ex¬ 
ternal, exceeding, as he fays, Portland Hone in hardnels, 
for which he obtained his majelly’s letters patent in 1779. 
As for the materials of which this is made; drift-land, 
T A R. 
or quarry-fand, or, as it is commonly called, pit-fand, 
confining chiefly of hard quartole flat-faced grains, with 
lharp angles, the moll free from clay, falts, and cal¬ 
careous, gypfeous, or other, grains, lets durable than 
quartz, containing the fmallell quantity of pyrites, or 
heavy metallic matter, infeparable by walhing, and ad¬ 
mitting the lead diminution in bulk by walhing, is to be 
preferred to any other. The fand is to be firted in dream¬ 
ing clear water, through a fieve which lhall give palfage 
to all fuch grains as do not exceed one lixteenth of are 
inch in diameter : and the dream of water and fifting are 
to be fo regulated, that all the fand, which is much finer 
thau the Lynn fand, together with clay and other matter 
fpecifically lighter than fand, may be walhed away with 
the dream ; whild the purer and coarfer fand, which pafles 
through the fieve, fubfides in a convenient receptacle, 
whild the coarle rubbilh and fliingle remain on the fieve 
to be rejected. The fubfiding fand is then walhed in 
clean dreaming water, through a finer fieve, fo as to be 
farther cleanfed and forted into two parcels: a coarfer, 
which will remain in the fieve that is to give palfage 
to fuch grains of fand only as are lefs than one-thirtieth, 
of an inch in diameter, and which is to be faved apart 
under the name of coarfe fand; and a finer, which will 
pafs through the fieve and fublide in the water, and which 
is to be faved apart under the name of fine fand. Thefa 
are to be dried feparately, either in the fun,, or on a clean 
iron plate fet on a convenient furface, in the manner of 
a fand-lieat. Let the lime be chofen, which is done-lime, 
which heats the mod in flaking, and flakes the quickefl: 
when duly watered ; which is the frelhed made, and moffc 
clofely kept; which dilfolves in diddled vinegar with the 
lead effervefcence, and leaves the fmalled relidue infolu- 
ble, and in this relidue the fmalled quantity of clay, 
gypfum, or martial matter. Let this lime be put in a 
brafs-wired fine fieve, to the quantity of fourteen pounds. 
Let the lime be flaked by plunging it in a butt filled 
with foft water, and raifing it out quickly and fullering 
it to heat and fume ; and by repeating this plunging and 
raifing alternately, and agitating the lime, until it be 
made to pafs through the fieve into the water: reject the 
part of the lime that does not ealily pafs through the 
fieve ; and ufe frelh portions of lime, till as many ounces 
of lime have palled through the fieve as there are quarts 
of water in the butt. Let the water, thus impregnated, 
dand in the butt, clofe covered, until it becomes clear; 
and, through wooden cocks placed at different heights 
in the butt, draw oft’ the clear liquor, as fad and as low as 
the lime fubfides, for ufe. This clear liquor is called the 
cementing liquor. Let fifty-fix pounds of the forefaid 
chofen lime be flaked, by gradually fprinkling on it, and 
efpecially on the unflaked pieces, the cementing liquor, 
in a dole clean place. Let the flaked part be immediately 
fifted through the fine brafs-wired fieve. Let the lime 
which pafles be ufed indantly, or kept in air-tight velfels, 
and let the part of the lime which does not pals through 
the fieve be rejected : the other part is called purified 
lime. Let bone-alh be prepared in the ufual manner by 
grinding the whited burnt bones ; but let it be fifted to be 
much finer than the bone-alh commonly fold for making 
cupels. 
Having thus prepared the materials, take fifty-fix 
pounds ot the coarfe fand, and forty-two pounds of the 
fine fand : mix them on a large plank of hard wood placed 
horizontally: then fpread the fand fo that it may dand 
to the height of fix inches, with a flat lurface on the 
plank; wet it with the cementing liquor; to the wetted 
fand add fourteen pounds of the purified lime, in feveral 
luccefiive portions, mixing and beating them up together; 
then add fourteen pounds of the bone-alh in fucceflive 
portions, mixing and beating all together; This Dr. 
Higgins calls the u'utir-cement coarfe-grained, which is to 
be pied in building, pointing, pluflering, duccoing. 
Sec. oblerving to work it expeditioutly in all cafes, and in 
ftuccoing to lay it on by Hiding the trowel upwards upon 
it 5 
