50 
M O R U S. 
but rougher, than thofe of the common mulberry, though 
in other refpedts they fomewhat refemble them. It pro¬ 
duces plenty of catkins, in ftiape like thofe of the birch, 
and it has a dark reddilh fruit. Mr. Miller remarks, that 
a large tree of this fpecies which had been many years in 
the bifliop of London’s garden at Fulham, never produced 
any fruit, but had fome years a great number of cat¬ 
kins, much like thofe of the hazel-nut, which occafioncd 
Mr. Ray to give it the name of Corylus: but it might be 
one of the male trees, which do not produce fruit, as 
fometimes happens in the common fort. 
According to Kalm, this tree is polygamous. Loureiro 
'del'cribes it as a middle-fized tree, with a fmooth a(h- 
coloured bark, and long weak fpreading branches. Leaves 
cordate, acute, ferrate, large, pale, villole underneath, foft, 
petioled, alternate. Berry cylindric, an inch long, axillary, 
one or two together, peduncled, red, eatable. Parkinfon, 
fo long ago as 1629, fays that it grows quickly with us to 
a great tree, and that the fruit is longer and redder than 
the common fort, and of a very pleafant tafte. Though it 
bears the feverity of our climate very well, yet it is ftill a 
fcarce tree among us. Native of Virginia and Carolina ; 
according to Loureiro, it is alfo found wild to the well of 
Cocliinchina, and is cultivated by the Cochinchinefe for 
feeding filkworms, but not fo generally as the white mul¬ 
berry. 
5. Morus Indica, or Indian mulberry: leaves ovate- 
oblong, equal on both {ides, unequally ferrate. This is 
a large tree, with a foft thick yellowifli bark, and a milky 
juice like the fig, which is aftringent. The branches come 
out on every fide. The leaves are on fhort footftalks, 
rough, dark green above, pale underneath, alternate. 
Flowers in round heads, at the footftalks of the leaves, on 
each fide the branches, of an herbaceous white colour. 
Fruit roundilh, firft green, then white, and finally dark 
red. It feerns by Miller’s defcription to be a moncecous 
tree; Linnaeus fufpe&s it to be dicecous. Loureiro de- 
feribes it as a ftirub, fix feet high, fuberedl and {lender; 
the bark du{ky and hempen ; the branches few, long, and 
•weak. Leaves acute, commonly undivided, but fome 
lobed, fmooth, petioled, alternate. Berries roundilh, 
dnlky red, hifpid, fmall, fweet, axillary, folitary. Na¬ 
tive of the Eaft Indies, Japan, and Cocliinchina, where 
it is cultivated on a very extenfive fcale, efpecially on the 
banks of rivers, to feed filk-worms. Mr. Miller received 
the feeds from Bombay, which fucceeded in the Chelfea- 
garden before the year 1759. 
6. Morus Tartarica, or Tartarian mulberry-tree: leaves 
ovate-oblong, equal on both tides, equally ferrate. This 
is a ftirub irregularly branched, with a trunk feldom fo 
big as the human arm ; bark whitilh grey; wood very 
hard, yellow, fomewhat veined ; branches {lender, wand¬ 
like, round, fmooth ; branchlets leafy, bearing fruit at 
the bafe. Diftinguifhable from the common mulberry by 
the {moothnefs of the leaves. Berries fmall, on long pe¬ 
duncles, red or pale when ripe, infipid : they are eaten 
frefti, in a conferee, or dried ; a wine and afpirit are made 
from them in Siberia and Ruftia, and the leaves are ufed 
for feeding filkworms. Linnaeus remarks, that it is very 
nearly allied to the preceding, but with longer pedun¬ 
cles and petioles, and the ferratures of the leaves more 
diftinfl. 
7. Morus latifolia, or broad-leaved Bourbon mulberry- 
tree : leaves broad-heart-fhaped, pointed, undivided, 
ccarfely ferrated ; rough above, veiny beneath. Poiret 
in Lamarck deferibes the leaves as three inches broad, 
three and a half or four long ; their under fide remark¬ 
ably reticulated, and marked with as many little pores, 
or depreftions, as there are rough points 011 the upper fur- 
face. Native of the Ifle of Bourbon. 
8. Morus auftralis, or fouthern mulberry-tree : leaves 
oval, long-pointed, naked, roughilh, ferrated, on long 
footftalks; fruit lhort, with long permanent ftyles. Cul¬ 
tivated in the Illc of Bourbon ; and is probably a variety 
of M. Indica. 
9. Morus Mauritiana, or laurel-leaved mulberry-tree r 
leaves elliptic-oblong, entire, rough on both Tides. This 
is a large and ftrong tree. The branches are rough with 
fmall irregular tubercles ; leaves numerous, fcattered, 
three or four inches in length, and one or one and a half 
in breadth, elliptic-oblong, more or lefs obtufe, perfectly 
entire, rough with minute points on both fides, reticu’- 
lated with innumerable veins. Fruit green, fweet with 
fome acidity, two inches long. The French call this 
tree la rappe.orihz rafp-tree, of Madagafcar, and the leaves 
feem calculated to ferve as a fine file, or rafp, like fome of 
the fig kind. Native of Madagafcar and the Mauritius. 
10. Morus tinftoria, dyer’s mulberry-tree, or fuftic- 
wood : leaves oblong, pointed, finely ferrated, rough j 
heart-lhaped and unequal at the bafe. Native of Jamaica 
and other Weft-India iflands, but particularly abundant 
about Campeachy on the main land, from whence the 
wood is exported, in great quantities, as an article of 
trade, and is well known, by the name of fqftic, as a 
yellow dye. Sloane deferibes the tree as having a large 
and ftraight trunk, fixty feet or more in height, with long- 
and large roots, whofe bark is very yellow ; bark of the 
trunk light brown, with yellow clefts; wood very firm 
and folid, of a very fine yellow. Branches fpreading. 
Leaves alternate, on ftiortidi {talks, rough, dark green, 
pointed, larger towards the footftalk; Browne deferibes 
them as unequal at the bafe ; and Pifo, like Marcgrave, 
fays they are finely ferrated. Sloane deferibes the ipikes 
as whitiili and Ihort, abundant at the ends of the branches; 
and the fruit as large as a nutmeg, round, formed like 
other mulberries; but greeniflr both within and without, 
with brown feeds. When ripe it is plealant, though luf- 
cioufly fweet. Miller has borrowed much from Sloane'* 
account. He raifed feveral plants from feed in the ftove 
at Cheifea, but they appear not to have furvived long-, 
being very tender, though of quick growth. It is to be 
regretted that there is no good figure, nor fcientific de¬ 
fcription, of this valuable tree. 
| 3 . M. Xanthoxylon, fpinous mulberry-tree, or bsfi- 
tard fuftic: leaves ovate-oblong, pointed, ferrated, nearly 
fmooth ; fpines axillary. Native of the Weft Indies : 
Miller had it from Jamaica and the Bahama Iflands; 
Jacquin obferved it in the vaft woods near Carthagena. 
The former induced Linnaeus to diftinguilh this from his 
M. tindloria, though the fpecimen in his herbarium is 
what he originally deferibed for that fpecies, and fubfe- 
quently marked xanthoxylon. The leaves of this are fmooth 
beneath, {lightly rough to the touch on the upper fide 5 
their form ovate-oblong, pointed, unequal at the bafe ; 
the margin rather ftrongly ferrated. Spines axillary, fo¬ 
litary, fcarcely the length of the footftalks, which is about 
half an inch. Miller fays there are two fpines to each 
leaf, which on the older branches extend to the length 
of two inches. He o'oferves that this tree does not grow 
to fo great a fize as the laft. The wood is fold for the fame 
ufe, but Linnaeus mentions that its quality is inferior to 
that of the real M. tin&oria. Thefe two plants are well 
worthy the notice of fome Weft-Indian botanift. 
Propagation and Culture. Tne white mulberry may be 
propagated either from feeds or layers, as will be diredled 
prelently for the black mulberry, and is equally hardy; 
but the molt expeditious method of raifing this tree in 
quantity is from the feeds, which may be procured in 
plenty from the fouth of France or Italy. The beft way 
to fow them in England is to prepare a fine warm border 
of rich mellow earth; or, if that is not eafily to be had, 
to make a moderate hot-bed, arch it over with hoops, and 
cover it with mats. Sow the feeds towards the end of 
March in drills, covering them with light earth a quarter 
of an inch deep : in very dry weather water the bed 
gently and frequently; in the heat of the day tirade it 
with mats, and cover it when the nights are cold. In 
five or fix weeks the plants will come up ; and, being ten¬ 
der when they firft appear, muft be guarded againft frofty 
mornings, which often happen in May. During fu miner 
