786 
N 
of the town. A canal was formed in 179a from the creek 
to the town; and at the mouth of the creek, where it 
enters the lake, is a fmall fort of fix guns. In the year 
1802. the principal aggregate exports of American and 
Spanilh produce have been eftimated at 
30,000 bales of cotton, value - 2,000,000 Dollars 
8,000 hogfheads of fugar, - 480,000 
90,000 hoglheads of dour, - 400,000 
Total 2,880,000 
In the fame year were exported, of former crops, about 
300,000 lbs. of indigo, value 300,000 dollars. Confider- 
able quan tities of deer-fkins and fome furs are alfo exported; 
alfo tobacco, fait beef and pork, hams, lard, &c. The 
fkins and furs are obtained from the Indians, who are 
continually bringing them down to this place, where they 
barter them for rifle-guns, powder, blankets, See. The 
articles of importation are chiefly Weft-India produce, 
and fuch European manufactures as are molt in demand 
amongft the inhabitants, or intended for the traders 
amongft the Indians. This latteris a very profitable em¬ 
ployment. Moft of the articles of export above men¬ 
tioned are the produce of the plantations within two or 
three hundred miles of New Orleans; but the article of 
flour, which is one of the moft; conliderable, together with 
a-fmali quantity of hemp, tobacco, &c. is the produce of 
the American fettlements on the Ohio, a diftance of more 
than two thoufand miles above New Orleans ! Thefe 
articles are put on-board a kind of boat, or rather raft, 
which is no-where to be found but on thefe rivers : they 
are a flat-bottomed vellel, about twelve feet wide, and 
forty feet long, and carry from ten to fifty tons: they are 
made of the coarleft materials, becaufe they are always 
broken up and fold when they arrive at New Orleans, it 
being impoflible for them to return againft the ftream. 
Early in the fpring thefe boats are loaded, and, floating 
night and day, they are carried by the force of the ftream 
(which runs at the rate of five miles an hour through a 
highly-romantic country) down to the Mifliflippi, where 
they arrive about the time the inundations commence. 
In this river, the navigation of which is dangerous on 
account of the rapidity of the current, and the numerous 
logs that lie concealed juft below the furface of the water, 
the boatmen are obliged to proceed with caution, and it is 
a month or near five w'eeks before the voyage is completed; 
a voyage where you are fecluded from all fociety of man, 
except in a lavage ftate, but where the eye is relieved by a 
continual change of the moft delightful and pi&urefque 
fcenery, and fome of the grandeft and moft fublime views 
of nature. 
The inhabitants of New Orleans were eftimated in 1802 
to be 10 or 11,000. Its fituation, not far from the fea, on 
a noble river, in a very fertile country, undenxi falubrious 
climate, and near Mexico, but ftill nearer to the French, 
Spanilh, and Britifti, Weft-India iflands; with the moral 
certainty of its becoming a general receptacle for the 
produce of the extenfive and valuable country on the 
Mifliflippi, Ohio, and its other branches; afford advantages 
which feem to enfure the growing profperity of this city, 
more efpecially as it is now in the pofteflion of the United 
States. Morj'cs American Gaz. Monthly Mag. 1803. 
NEW PA'LTZ, a townlhip of America, in Ulfter 
county, New York, bounded E. by Hudfon river, S. by 
Marlborough and Shawangunk; containing 3255 inhabi¬ 
tants, including 308 Haves. The compact part contains 
about 250 houfes, and a Dutch church; ten miles from 
Shawangunk. 
NEW PORT GLAS'GOW. See Port Glasgow. 
NEW RIV'ER, a moft important artificial canal, or 
ftream of water, palling through parts of the counties of 
Hertford and Middlefex, which was contrived and prin¬ 
cipally executed by an individual, Sir Hugh Middleton, 
in order tofupply the Britifti metropolis and its environs 
with frelli water; for that of the Thames* though ex- 
E W. 
tremely beneficial to London, was fo liable to alteration, 
and fubjetft to foulnefs, thata copious fupply of pure water 
was extremely defirable. Befides, the Thames-water mult 
be forced to afeend by machines, even for the lower parts 
of the city; whereas a ftream on the northern fide of 
London may be made to flow, in a natural defeent, to , 
almoft any quarter of the widely-extended metropolis. 
From thefe confiderations, in the reign of James I. Hugh 
Middleton, citizen and goldfmith, projefted the plan of 
bringing water out of Hertfordlhire, in a channel to Lon¬ 
don. Meeting with no co-operation, he, at length, in , 
the year 1608, commenced the undertaking at his own 
expenfe ; and, after exhaufting all his refources, and being 
refufed aid from the corporation of London, he was 
enabled, by the afiiftance of the king, to bring it to com¬ 
pletion. On September 29, 1613, the water was let into 
the New River Head, at Ulington ; (with the ceremonies 
deferibed under the article London, vol. xiii. p. 85.) but . 
the projector was ruined by the expenfes, and it was long 
before the fcheme was rendered ufeful and beneficial to 
the public. The New River is formed by the collected 
waters of feveral fprings, which rife at Chadwell, near 
Ware, Hertfordlhire, about twenty miles north-weft from 
London. Thefe fprings are collected into a large open 
bafin of conliderable depth, near which a ftone is placed, 
with inferiptions, implying that the ftream was opened in 
1608, and that from the Chadwell fpring the river flows 
forty miles. The original fupply of water having been 
found inadequate to the confumption, the mill-ftream of 
the river Lea, which runs near it, was refortea to ; and, 
after various difputes and litigations between its propri¬ 
etors and thofe of the New River, the mill has at length 
become the property of the latter company, who have now 
an unreftriCled ufe of the water; fo that the river Lea 
may be confidered as one of the fources. On a fiuice , 
leading from it are flood-gates, with a building, in which 
a man is placed, whofeconftant employ is to rail’e or lower 
them, according to the fulnefs of the river below; and, that 
he may not err in the quantity fupplied, a gauge is fixed 
acrofs the fluice, confifting of a ftone of great bulk, under 
which all the water pafles; fo that the current is regulated 
with the greateft exaftnefs. To preferve a proper level, the 
New River takes fuch a winding courfe, that the length 
of the channel is nearly thirty-nine miles. Palling Ware, 
Amwell, Hoddefdon, and Chelhunt, it enters Middlefex 
near Waltham-Crofs ; bending towards Enfield-Chafe, it 
returns to the- town of Enfield ; and at Bulh-hill was 
formerly carried acrofs a valley, in a wooden aqueduCt, 
or open trough, 660 feet in length, fupported by arches ; 
but the improvement in canal-making has fuggefted a 
better mode to effeCt the purpofe by means of a mound of 
earth, over which the river pafles in anew channel, which 
was completed in the year 1785. Hence the river pro¬ 
ceeds with devious bends to Hornfey, between which 
village and Highbury it was formerly conveyed in another 
wooden aquedudf, now fuperfeded, like the former, by a 
bank of clay. Still winding, it reaches Stoke-Newington, 
and pafles on to the eaft fide of Ulington, where it has a 
fubterraneous channel for two hundred yards beneath 
the ftreet. Juft before this part is a building, whence 
feveral mains, or pipes, are fent to fupply the eaftern fide 
of London. After palling under the road, the New River 
emerges and coalls the fouthern fide of Ulington, till it 
reaches its termination at the grand refervoir, called the 
New River Head. The width of the river near Ulington 
is fourteen feet and a half, the average depth four feet and 
a half, but the depth decreafes on afeending towards its 
fource. The number of bridges which crofs the river in 
its whole courfe is about two hundred: in various places 
are fluices to let oft' the wafte water; which, with other 1 
works, excited admiration in the earlier ftage of this 
branch of mechanics, but are now overlooked in the' 
wonders of canal-navigation. Truly admirable are the 
contrivances for diftributing the water through the va¬ 
rious parts of London. From a circular bafin, now thrice 
