NEW ZEALAND. 
confines of Canada, about 250 miles; a confiderable por¬ 
tion of which is the belt peopled of any part of the United 
States, and the whole territory contains at lead half a mil¬ 
lion of people. In times of peace, New York will com¬ 
mand more commercial bufinefs than any town in the 
United States. In time of war, it will be infecure with¬ 
out a marine force ; but a fmall number of fliips will be 
able to defend it from the molt formidable attacks by fea. 
A want of good water is a great inconvenience to the ci¬ 
tizens, there being few wells in the city : moll of the peo¬ 
ple are fupplied every day with frefh water, conveyed to 
their doors in calks, from a pump, which receives it from 
a fpring almoll a mile from the city. 
It is found, by a memorandum in one of the old re- 
gilters, that the total number of inhabitants in the city, 
taken by order of the king of England, in the year 1697, 
was 4.302. The number of inhabitants in the city and 
county ofNew York, in 1756, was 10,881; in 1771, 21,863 > 
in 1786, 23,614.5 in 1790, 33,131 5 in 1796, about 70,0005 
in 1805, 75,770 ; and in 1810, 96,373^ which is an increafe 
of more than 25 per cent, in five years. During the ma¬ 
lignant fever which raged in 1805, 26,996 perfons retired 
from the city, befides thofe that were cut off by it. A fire 
happened here, Dec. 3, 1816, which deftroyed houfes and 
other property to the value of 300,000 dollars. 
King’s College, in this city, was originally founded 
by the voluntary contributions of the inhabitants of the 
province, affifted by the general affembly, in the year 1754, 
a royal charter (and grant of money ) being then obtained, 
incorporating a number of gentlemen therein mentioned, 
by the name of “ The Governors of the College of the 
Province of New York, in the City of New York, in Ame¬ 
rica 5” and granting to them and their fucceffors for ever, 
amonglt various other rights and privileges, the power of 
conferring all fuch degrees as are ufually conferred by ei¬ 
ther of the Englifh univerfities. By the charter it was 
provided, that the prefident lhall always be a member of 
the church of England, and that a form of prayer col- 
lefted from the liturgy of that church, with a particular 
prayer for the college, (hould be daily ufed, morning and 
evening, in the college-chapel ; at the fame time, no tell 
of their religious perfuafion was required from any of the 
fellows, profefl'ors, or tutors; and the advantages of edu¬ 
cation were equally extended toftudents of all denomina¬ 
tions. The building (which is only one-third of the in¬ 
tended ftrudlure) is of (lone, three complete (lories high, 
with four ftair-cafes, twelve apartments in each, a chapel, 
hall, library, mufeum, anatomical theatre, and a fchool 
for experimental philofophy. The college is fituated on 
a dry gravelly foil, about 150 yards from the bank of Hud- 
fon’s river, which it overlooks, commanding a mod ex- 
tenfive and beautiful profpedt. Since the revolution, the 
legillature palled an a6t conftituting twenty-one gentle¬ 
men (of whom the governor and lieutenant-governor, for 
the time being, are members ex officiis ) a body corporate 
and politic, by the name and ltyle of “ The Regents of 
the Univerfity of the State of New York.” They are en- 
trufled with the care of literature in general in the (late, 
•and have power to grant charters of incorporation for 
erecting colleges and academies throughout the (late, are 
to vifit thefe inftitutions as often as they (hall think pro¬ 
per, and report their (late to the legillature once a-year. 
The name of the college was alfo changed ; and it is now 
called Columbia College. This college, by an a 61 of the 
legillature palled in the fpring of 1787, was put under the 
care of twenty-four gentlemen, who are a body corporate, 
by the name and ltyle of “ The Trullees of Columbia 
College in the City of New York.” This body poffeffes 
all the powers veiled in the governors of King’s College 
before the revolution, or in the regents of the univerfity 
fince the revolution, fo far as their power refpe6ted this 
inftitution. No regent can be a truftee of any particular 
college or academy in the Hate. The regents of the uni¬ 
verfity have power to confer the higher degrees, and they 
only. Columbia College coniilts of two faculties 1 a faculty 
701 
of arts and a faculty of phyfic. The firff has a prefident 
and feven profefl'ors, the l'econd a dean and l'even pro- 
feffors. The officers of inftru6tion and immediate go¬ 
vernment in the faculty of arts, are a prefident, profelfor 
of mathematics and natural philofophy, a profelfor of 
logic and geography, and two profefl'ors of dead lan¬ 
guages. To thefe have lately been added a profelfor 
of chemiftry and agriculture, a profelfor of oriental lan¬ 
guages, a profelfor of law, and a profelfor of the French 
language. In the faculty of phyfic, the dean is le6turer 
on clinical medicine in the New-York hofpital; and there 
are the profelforlhips of botany, of anatomy, of the ob- 
lletric art, of materia medica, of the inllitutes of medicine, 
of furgery, and the pra6tice of phyfic. 
New York city is 95 miles north-north-eaft of Phila¬ 
delphia, 127 fouth-weft of Hartford, 197 north-eall of 
Baltimore, 252 fouth-well of Bolton, 375 from Portland, 
in Maine, 373 from Richmond, 620 from Fayetteville, 913 
from Charlefton, and 1020 from Savannah. Lat. 40.42. 8.N. 
Ion. 74. 9. 45. W. 
NEW YORK, an Indian town of the Creek-nation, 
fituated on Tallapoofe-river, in Georgia; and fo named 
by Col. Ray, a New-York Britilh loyaiilt. 
NEW YORK, a poll-town of Virginia: 167 miles 
fouth-well of Wafhington. 
NEW ZEALAND, two iflands in the South Pacific 
Ocean, firll difcovered by Tafman. In the year 1642, he 
traverfed the ealtern coall from lat. 34. to 43. and entered 
the (trait called Cook's Strait; he was attacked by the 
natives, foon after he came to an anchor, in the place to 
which he gave the name of Murderer's Bay, and never 
went on-lhorei he gave the country the name of Staaten 
Land, in honour of the States General; but it is now ge¬ 
nerally diftinguifhed in our maps and charts by the name 
of New Zealand. As the wdiole of this country, except 
that part of the coall which was feen by Tafman from 
on-board his fliip, had from his time to the voyage of the 
Endeavour, in the year 1770, remained altogether un¬ 
known, it was by many fuppofed to be part of a fouthern 
continent. It is, however, now known to conlill of two 
large iflands, divided from each other by a llrait, or paffage, 
which is about twelve or fifteen miles broad. The north- 
ernmoll of thefe iflands is called by the natives Ea/tcino - 
tnauwe; and the fouthermoll Tavai Poenammoo. The latter 
is the name of a lake, and fignifies “ the water of green 
talc.” This lake is fituated in the northern part of the 
ifland, and the country adjoining it only is known to the 
natives under this name. “ From my obfervation, (fays 
Capt. Cook,) and from other information, it appears to 
me that the New' Zealanders mull live under perpetual 
apprehenfions of being deftroyed by each other; there 
being few of their tribes that have not, as they think, 
fullained wrongs from fome other tribe, which they are 
continually upon the watch to revenge; and perhaps the 
defire of a good meal may be no fmall incitement. They 
will even preferve their enmity from father to fon, and 
the fon never lofes fight of an injury done to his father- 
The method of executing their horrible defigns is by 
Healing upon their enemies in the night; and, if they 
find them unguarded, (which however is but feldom the 
cafe,) they kill every one indilcriminately, not even 
fparing the women and children: the dead bodies they 
either devour on the fpot, or carry them home for that 
purpofe. If they are difcovered before they can execute 
their bloody purpofe, they generally Heal off; and fiome- 
times are purlued and attacked by the other party in their 
turn. They never give quarter, or take prifoners. This 
perpetual Hate of warfare renders them fo circumfpe6l,. 
that they are never off their guard either by night or day. 
According to their fyftem of belief, the foul of the man. 
whole flelh is devoured by the enemy is doomed to per¬ 
petual fire; while the foul of him whofe body has been 
refeued, as well as thofe who die a natural death, alceird, 
to the habitation of the gods. They do not therefore eat 
the bodies of their friends who have been refeued. Theie 
common. 
