NEW 
NEW; 
which was burnt clown in the civil wars, and fuppofed 
by fome authors, but without fufficient evidence, to have 
been the holpital of St. Leonard. In the church-yard 
flood an edifice called the chauntry free-fchool, and a 
fong-fchool, for an organift and fix chorifters. There 
was likewifie in Newark a fecond church, but this was de- 
molilhed during one of the three laft lieges in the feven- 
teenth century. 
The trade and manufactures of Newark are tolerably 
extenfive. In Northgate is a very large brewery, which 
was accuftomed to carry on a vaft commerce with the 
north of Europe, before the development of the con¬ 
tinental fyftem. The manufacture of cotton has been 
lately introduced, and affords employment to a confider- 
able number of the poor. The counties of Nottingham, 
Lincoln, Derby, Stafford, Cheller, Warwick, and part of 
York, are chiefly fupplied with malt made in this town 
and its vicinity. Two large eltablifhments for the weaving 
and bleaching of coarfe linen are in a thriving condition, 
as is likewile an infant manufactory of fail-cloth and 
facking. Corn and coals form important articles of traffic 
in Newark. 
According to the parliamentary returns of 1801, this 
town contained only 1390 houfes, and a population of 
6730 perlons. By the late returns (1811), however, it 
appears that a very material increafe has taken place; 
the houfes being there Hated to amount to 1504., and the 
inhabitants to 7236 in number. The parifli of Newark 
comprifes about 800 acres. 
The vicinity of this town has been much cut up by 
military works in the time of the civil wars, many traces 
of which remain.—Beacon-hill, where are feveral exten¬ 
five quarries of gypfum, was the fcene of aCtion between 
the royal army under prince Rupert, and the parliamen¬ 
tary troops, commanded by fir John Meldrum, who had 
laid liege to the caftle in 1643. In this engagement the 
royalifts were completely fuccefsful, though much inferior 
in number to the republicans. The foffe-road pafles clofe 
to this hill.—At Coddington, on the Sleaford road, Hands 
ahandfome fe'at of S. C. Colclough, efq. and direftly north 
from hence is the Bruff or Brough, pointed out by Stuke- 
ley as the undoubted Crocolana of the Romans.—Bal- 
derton, two miles from Newark, is remarkable for a 
curious Saxon porch to its church, wrought with zig-zag- 
mouldings and ozes’ heads.—Elvefton, orElfton, fituated 
about four miles fouth from the town, has acquired juft 
celebrity as the birth-place of the late Dr. Darwin, whole 
fcientific and literary labours, and aftive benevolence, 
feffeft luftre on the human character.—Between this vil¬ 
lage and that of Stoke, or, as fome antiquaries aflert, of 
Thorpe, Henry VII. engaged and defeated the army of 
the earl of Lincoln, who had efpoufed the caufe of the 
impoftor Lambeth Simnel. This action was fought in 
tire month of June, in the year 1487, but much difference 
of opinion prevails with refpeft to the exaft day : Hall 
calls it the 6th, Stowe the 16th, and Holinlhed the 20th. 
Tradition affirms that Henry fixed his head-quarters, 
before the battle, in Elfton fields, clofe to the village. 
North Mulkham is a large village, diftant four miles 
north from Newark. Jofeph Pocklington, efq. the pro¬ 
prietor of the Pocklington’s Illand, on the lake of Kef- 
vvick, is lord of the manor, and poflefles a very large eftate 
here, on which he has lately built a moft magnificent and 
commodious houfe. A confiderable manfion, called Mulk¬ 
ham Grainge, is poffeffed by William Dickinfon Raflall, 
efq. author of the Hiftory of Southwell. 
South Mulkham is about three miles diftant. A navi¬ 
gation paffes by the town, which joins the river Trent in 
this parifn, and alfo joins the Trent two miles above the 
town, in the parifn of Averham. This navigation be¬ 
longs to one company of proprietors, from Gainlborough 
in the county of Lincoln to Cavendilh-bridge in the 
counties of Derby and Leicefter; and the whole length is 
feventy-two miles. All kinds of goods, See. are navi¬ 
gated the whole length at nine-pence a-ton ; coals, plafter, 
■ Vox.. XVL No. iijj. 
797 
and lime, only half tonnage. All goods, &c. landed in 
the town of Newark, pay one penny per ton, and all 
goods loaded, one halfpenny per ton, towards keeping in 
repair the above-mentioned four miles, extending out of 
the river Trent by this town. From Cavendilh-bridge 
to Gainlborough there is about ninety-two feet fall, 
which is at an average about fifteen inches in a mile. 
Various are the dimenfions of the boats navigated on this 
river, both in length and breadth, carrying, at a draft of 
twenty-fix inches, from thirty to forty tons. Several 
canals branch out of the laid river Trent: one near Not¬ 
tingham Trent-bridge to Grantham; another from the 
laid Trent-bridge to the town of Nottingham; alfo one 
extending up the river Erewalh, which fupplies this part 
with coals ; another leading up to Crumford in Dftby- 
Ihire; another up the river Soar, leading to Loughborough 
and Leicefter; another called the Grand Trunk, through 
which goods are carried from hence to Manchefter; and 
another to Derby. 
The village of Kilham, where John Sutton, efq. a con¬ 
fiderable proprietor in this county, has a feat, is only two 
miles diftant from Newark. Dickeiifon's Ilijl. of Neivarh, 
1806. Oldfield's Representative Hiji. 1816. Wilkes's Briti/h 
Directory. Beauties of England and Wales, vol. xii. 
NEW'ARK, a town of the Hate of Delaware; ten. 
miles fouth-weft of Wilmington. 
NEW'ARK, a townlhip of America, in Effex county, 
Vermont. 
NEW'ARK, a town lately laid out by the Britifh in 
Upper Canada, on the river which connefts lakes Erie 
anil Ontario, direftly oppofite to Niagara town and fort. 
The town is handfome, about a mile fquare, with its ftreets 
at right angles, and contains about 150 houfes.—Alfo a 
townlhip, comprehending the above town, in the county 
of Lincoln, Upper Canada, and lying on the weft fide of 
Niagara river, oppofite to the fort. 
NEW'ARK, a town of New Jerfey. This town con¬ 
tains three churches, a town-houfe, and a gaol. It is 
fituated on the Paflaic, and gives name to a bay : fixty- 
five miles north-north-eaft of Philadelphia. Lat. 40. 18. 
N. Ion. 74. la. 
NEWARK BA'Y, a bay on the coaft of America, at 
the mouths of the Paffaic and Hackinfack, between ths 
main land and a peninfula of New Jerfey, which extends 
from Paulus Hook to near Staten Illand. It divides into 
two branches : one running to the eaft, between the con¬ 
tinent and north coaft of Staten Illand, joins the Hudfon; 
the other runs foutherly between the continent and welt 
coaft of Staten Illand. 
NEW'BATTLE, a town of Scotland, in the county of 
Edinburgh, where is an abbey, formerly belonging to 
Ciftercian monks, now the feat of the marquis of Lothian : 
one mile fouth of Dalkeith. 
NEW'BERN, a town of United America, in the Hate 
of North-Carolina, on the fouth fide of the Neufe. In 
1791, a third of the town was deftroyed by fire. Lat. 35. 
17. N. Ion. 77. 20. W. 
NEW'BERN, a diftrift of North-Carolina, fo called 
from the town ; it includes the counties of Beaufort, 
Carteret, Craven, Glafgow, Hyde, Jones, Johnfton, Lenoir, 
Pitt, and Wayne; with 60,433 inhabitants, including 
20,134 Haves. 
NEW'BIGGIN, a filhing town in the county of Nor¬ 
thumberland, with a fine bay for Ihipping, fecure from 
ftorms, and capable of receiving veffels of fixty tons 
burthen. The town is fmall, chiefly inhabited by filher- 
men. The church Hands on the north fide of the haven, 
on a point of land that projefts a confiderable way into 
the fea, and it is faid there are the remains of a pier there. 
The church has been much larger than it is at prefen t, 
and 1 its fpire is a landmark for the Ihipping on the coaft. 
It is eight miles eaft Morpeth, and 295 north of London. 
Lat. 55, 14. N. 
NEW'BIGGIN, a village in Northumberland, near 
Norham-Caftle 5 another near Newcaftle; another fouth 
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