NEW 
the ruins of the ancient abbey of Lindores ar6 the moft 
noted. They are fituated at the north-eaft extremity of 
the parifli, on a gentle eminence, rifing from the edge of 
the river Tay. This monaftery was founded in the twelfth . 
century, and filled with monks of the order of St. Bene- 
didt. The extent of ground occupied by the buildings 
of the abbey in former times cannot now be ascertained, 
as many of them have been completely razed to the very 
foundations. It was no dottbt, however, one of the molt 
fuperb and magnificent on the northern fide of the Forth. 
The luxury and Wealth of its eccleliaflics are ftrongly 
marked by the pains they have evidently taken, in the 
economy of their garden, to Secure all the delicacies of 
the table. Near the abbey hands the ancient manlion of 
Undores, once a baronial refidence belonging to the family 
of Lefley. The other monuments of ancient art, in this 
vicinity, aretwocrofies,one called the Crofs of Mugdrum, 
and the other Macduff’s Crofs. The former hands only 
four yards from the fhore, and, though much mutilated, hill 
difplays remains of the figures of horfes, but there is no 
appearance of any infcription. The latter, which is 
placed on an opening on the Ochil-hills, and which, at 
prefent, exhibits one large quadrilateral block of free- 
ltone, rudely indented in Several places, is traditionally 
faid to have pointed out the limits of the jurifdiftion of 
the powerful Thane of Fife. Concerning Mugdrum 
Crofs, even tradition is Silent. According to the parlia¬ 
mentary reports of 1811, the whole parifli contains 283 
lioufes, and a population of 1951 perlbns. It is fix miles 
north of Falkland, and eight fouth-eah of Perth. 
NE.W'BURGH, a village in Lancafliire, to the weh of 
Wigan, with a fair on the 21II of June.—A village in 
Northumberland, near Hexham.—A village in the eah 
riding of Yorkfhire, near Bridlington.—A village in the 
north riding, near Rhidal-vale, ten miles from York: here 
was formerly an abbey. 
NEW'BURGH, a poll-town of North America, in 
Orange county. New York, containing 3258 inhabitants, 
and confilting of between fifty and lixty houfes, and a 
Prefbyterian church, Situated on a gentle afcent from'the 
river. The country to the north is well cultivated, and 
affords a rich profpedt. Veifels of considerable burden may 
load and unload at the wharfs, and many veifels are an¬ 
nually. built; fo that the place is encouraging to induftry, 
and thriving. 
NEW'BURN, a town of Scotland, in the county of 
Fife: eight miles South-South-weft of St. Andrew’s. 
NEW'BURN, a village in Northumberland, chiefly 
inhabited by miners, but was a place of confequence be¬ 
fore the Conquelt. Here Charles the Firft’s army was 
routed, Aug. 28, 1640. It is fix miles w’eH of Newcaltle, 
and 17a north of London. 
NEW'BURY, a large market-town in Berkfliire, is 
fituated in a fertile valley on the banks of the river Ken- 
net, Seventeen miles from Reading, and fifty-fix from 
London. Though its name implies a modern borough, it 
was a town of confiderable importance at the time of the' 
Norman Survey, and then known by the name oi Uluritoue, 
probably a corruption of Ulwardetone, from Ulward, who 
pofieifed it in the time of Edward the Confelfor. New¬ 
bury was originally the name of a caltle which was built 
by one of the earls of Perch, and this appellation might 
be transferred to the town inftead of its Saxon name: 
The town was incorporated in 1586 by queen Elizabeth ; 
and is governed by a mayor, high-lteward, recorder, fix 
aldermen, and twenty-four capital burgelfes. It Sent two 
members to parliament in the 30th year of Edward I. (it 
fends none at prefent;) and in the nth of Edward III. 
was alfo represented by three perfons in a great council, 
held on account of trade at Weftminlter. 
Extenfive manufactories of woollen cloth were efta- 
blilhed in this town, and furniflied the inhabitants with 
employment for Several centuries 5 but the clothing- 
bufinefs has been removed into the more weftern parts of 
the kingdom. It does not appear that the town has fuf- 
N E w ?m- 
fered by the removal; but on the contrary, from the in¬ 
flux of trade confequent on the ready communication it 
now has by canals with London and Briftol, its opulence 
as well as its population has been on the increafe. In the 
year 1555, when the clothing bufinefs was at its greatell 
height, the number of inhabitants was 1600. The return, 
to parliament in the year 1801 Hates the houfes to be 965, 
the number of perfons 4275 ; and, by the late Survey in 
1811, the houfes are returned as 1028, the inhabitants as 
4898 : thefe returns do not include the tything of Speen- 
hamland, which is apparently part of the town, but is in 
the parifli of Speen, and contains about 150 houfes and 
upwards of 700 inhabitants. 
The town confifts chiefly of three principal flreets, 
which are Spacious and well built. The old market-houfe 
is an ancient timber building, over which is the gaol and 
a town-hall: the new market-houfe is a brick edifice of 
modern date ; above it is an alfembly-room, fometimes 
called theNew Town-hall, where the corporation traniadfc 
their private bufinefs, the public meetings being held at 
the Old Hall. In the year 1762 the corporation of New¬ 
bury purchafed, and put up in their New Town-hall, the 
fine hiftorical picture of the Surrender of Calais to King. 
Edward III. painted by Mr. Pine; for which he obtained 
the firit premium of a hundred guineas from the Society 
for encouraging of Arts, &c. in London. The market, 
which is held on Thurfdays by preferiptive right, is a great 
mart for corn, and is under excellent regulations. Four 
fairs are kept annually, and a ilatute for hiring Servants. 
On the banks of the Kennet, in the vicinity of New¬ 
bury, are Several mills, which Supply the cities of London 
and Briftol with great quantities of flour. The parifli- 
church of Newbury is a plain llone HruClure, built in the. 
reign of Henry VIII. principally at the charge of John- 
Winchcombe, a wealthy clothier of this town, of which 
he was a native. Hediedin the year 1519, and lies buried, 
in the church, by the name of John Smallwode, alias 
Winchcombe. A brafs plate, with his effigy, wCs for¬ 
merly placed over his tomb, but it is now fixed againft- 
the ealt wall of the north aide. The hiltory of this cele¬ 
brated perfon, who was generally known by the name of 
Jack of N&wbur.y, is rather of a marvellous cafl : he ap¬ 
pears to have carried oh the clothing-bufinefs to a great 
extent; having an hundred looms in conftant ufe, in his- 
own houfe, for the weaving of broad cloth only. He is 
recorded to have afiified the king with an hundred of his 
men, all armed and clothed at his own expenfe, in the. 
expedition againll Scotland, which was terminated by 
the battle of Flodden Field. The building called his- 
manufactory, is now divided into-tenements, refpedtiveiy 
occupied as a bookfeller’s, a hair drefler’s, and an inn ; 
the latter bearing the lign of Jack of Newbury. The 
charitable endowments in this town are numerous ; not- 
lels than lixty alms-houles being eftablifned on dilferent 
foundations. One of thefe, called St. Bartholomew’s 
Hofpital, is faid to.have been founded by king John, who 
granted a fair for its fupport. It was formerly under the 
government of a mailer, .warden, or prior; but is now, 
by charter of queen Elizabeth, veiled in the corporation. 
The original endowunent has been increafed by various 
benefadtions. In the year 1624, Mr. John Kendrick of 
Reading bequeathed 4000I. to provide a workhoule and- 
employment for the poor of Newbury. Great part of 
this gift appears to have been loll: with a portion of it 
the wharf and other premiles were purchafed ; and the. 
remainder is lent, without intereft, in fums. of fifty pounds* 
to weavers, for three years. 
In the dreadful contefl between Charles I. and his par¬ 
liament, Newbury became remarkable for being the Icene 
of action in two fucceeding years. The firit battle was 
fought September 18, 1643,011 a common called the Wadi; 
the other in the fieldsbetweenNewbury, Speen, and Shaw* 
October 217,1644. Thofe who were killed in the firit en¬ 
gagement were depofited beneath two tumuli neartha 
field of battle j whilft. thofe who fell in the fecond conteft 
were 
