goo N E W 
were interred in a large pit near Newbury church. Many 
veftiges of thele fanguinary conflicts have, at different 
times, been found in the furrounding country. 
About a mile north-well from Newbury is the fmall 
village and parifli of Speen, a place of conliderable anti¬ 
quity, deriving its name from the Roman Spina, which 
is fuppoled to have been fituated in this vicinity. Speen 
had formerly a market on Mondays, which was granted, 
in the year 1218, by William Marfhall, earl of Pembroke. 
At a fmall diftance from Speen, on the north, but in 
the parifh of Shaw, is Donnington Grove, late the feat 
of William Brummell, efq. The houfe, which is plea- 
fantly fituated under a ridge of woody hills, was built 
by the late James Petit Andrews, efq. author of The 
Hiftory of Great Britain connefted with the Chrono¬ 
logy of Europe ; and was for fome time his refidence. 
On an eminence north-eatlof the Grove are the remains 
of Donnington Caftle, which was formerly a place of 
great importance ; and, by commanding the weftern road, 
gave to its polfeifors a conliderable degree of authority. 
It is faid to have been built by fir Richard Ahberbury in 
the reign of Richard II. About the year 1397, Geoffrey 
Chaucer, the father of Englilh poetry, became poffefled of 
this caftle, and fpent the clofe of his life in retirement 
here. From the Chaucers, the caftle defcended, by mar¬ 
riage, to the dukes of Suffolk. In the reign of James I. 
it belonged to the family of the Packers, whofe heirefs 
married Dr. Hartley, the anceftor of Mr. Hartley the pre- 
fent poffeffor. During the civil wars, this caftle was a 
poll of great confequence; being fortified as a garrifon 
for the king, and entrufted to the command of colonel 
Boys, who bravely defended it during a long fiege. Cam¬ 
den, in whofe time the caftle was entire, delcribes it as 
“ a fmall but very neat place, feated on the brow of a 
woody hill, having a fine profpefl, and lighted by windows 
on every fide.” The walls nearly fronted the cardinal 
points of the compafs, the entrance being at the ealt end. 
It was defended by four round towers placed on thearrgles. 
The length of the eaft end, including the towers, was 
85 feet; the extent from eaft to weft, 120 feet. All this 
part is deftroyed : the remains confift of the ftone gate- 
lioufe, with its two towers, and a fmall part of the eaft 
wall. The gateway is in good prefervation, and the place 
for the portcullis is ftill vifible. 
To the eaft of Donnington-caftle, about a mile diftant, 
Hands Shaw'-houfe, a large edifice, built in the reign of 
queen Elizabeth, by Mr. Doleman, an eminent clothier, 
in whofe family the eftate continued till about the year 
1727, when it was purchafed by James duke of Chandos, 
who fold it, in 1746, to Jofeph Andrews, efq. grandfather 
to lir Jofeph Andrews, bart. who now' pofleffes it. 
About a mile weftward from Speen is Benham-place, a 
villa of lord Craven’s. The houfe, an elegant ftruelure 
of the Ionic order, was completed in 1775 5 it was built 
by Brown, under the direction of lady Craven. The 
lodges, at the eaftern and weftern extremities of the park, 
were recently built by the margravine. Lyfons's Magna 
Britannia. Beauties of England and Wales. Wilkes's Bri- 
tijh Bireffory. 
NEW'BURY, a county of South-Carolina. 
NEW'BURY, a town of Pennfylvania: fifty miles 
weft-fouth-weft of Philadelphia.—Another 150 miles 
north-weft of Philadelphia. 
NEW'BURY, a town of the ftate of Vermont, on the 
weft fide of the Connecticut, oppofite Haverhill, in New 
Hampfhire : 130 miles north-eall of Bennington. 
NEW'BURY, a town of the ftate of Maffachufetts, 
adjoining to Newbury Port, but diftinfit from it as a town 
corporate. 
NEW'BURY POR'T, a port of entry and poll-town in 
Effex county, Maffachufetts, pleafantly fituated on the 
iouth fide of Merrimack-river, over which it has a bridge, 
(See Merrimack,) about three miles fromthe fea; rank¬ 
ing in a commercial view next to Salem, and containing 
N E W 
5946 inhabitants: incorporated into a townlhip, confifting 
of 640 acres, in 1764. The churches, which are fix in 
number, are ornamented with fteeples : the other public 
buildings are the court-houfe, gaol, and a bank. In this 
town are ten public fchools and three printing-houfes. 
Many of the dwelling-houfes are elegant. The harbour 
isfafeand capacious, but difficult of accefs. The bufinefs 
of Ihip-building is carried on here; and a confiderable 
trade fubfifts between this place and the Weft Indies, as 
well as the fouthern Hates. Some veffels are employedin 
the freighting-bufinefs, and a few in the filhery. In 1790 
there belonged to this port fix (hips, forty-five brigantines, 
thirty-nine fchooners, and twenty-eight iloops, amount¬ 
ing in the whole to 11,870 tons. The exports in the 
year ending September 1794, amounted to 363,380 dollars. 
A machine for cutting nails has been invented in this 
town, which will manufacture 200,000 in a day. In this 
town are a Humane and Marine Society. The light-houfes 
are on Plum-illand, in lat. 42. 47. N. Ion. 70. 47. W. 
Newbury Port is forty miles north-north-eaft of Bolton. 
NEWCAS'TLE, a town of Ireland, in the county of 
Dublin. Before the union it fent two members to par¬ 
liament : ten miles weft-fouth-weft of Dublin. 
NEWCAS'TLE, a poll-town of the county of Limeric, 
Ireland, which was originally founded by the Knights 
Templars, and became a corporation ; but has been iince 
reduced, and is now a place of little confequence. It is 
114 miles fouth-weft from Dublin, and twenty fouth-weft 
from Limeric. — There are fome other villages of this 
name; as one near the river Inny, in the county of Long¬ 
ford, and one in the county of Down, on the Irilh Sea ; 
but there is no occafion to enlarge. 
NEWCAS'TLE, the moll northern county of Dela- 
ware-ftate, about forty miles long and twenty broad, 
containing 25,361 inhabitants, including 1838 Haves. 
The chief towns are Wilmington and Newcaftle.—Alfo, 
a poll-town and capital of the above county, fituated on 
the weft fide of Delaware-river: thirty-three miles fouth- 
weft of Philadelphia. It contains more than a hundred 
houfes, a court-houfe, and gaol. This town was fettled 
by the Swedes about the year 1627, and they called it 
Stockholm. The Dutch had polfeffion of it under the 
name of New Amfterdam; and the Englilh gave it the 
name of Neiccaftle. It was incorporated in 1672. Lat. 
39. 38. N. 
NEWCAS'TLE, a town in Rockingham-county, New 
Hampfhire, called Great If and, confifting of about a hun¬ 
dred houfes, and 534 inhabitants, in 1790. It is the 
largeft of a number of illands in the mouth of Pifcataqua : 
two miles eaft of Portfmouth. It has a meeting-houfe; 
and on the north-eall point of the ifland are the light-houfe 
and fort, built in 1795. 
NEWCAS'TLE, a town of Upper Canada, fituated on 
the prefqu’ille de Quinte, extending into Lake Ontario, 
from the eaftern part of the townlhip of Cramahi. 
NEWCAS'TLE, a poll-town in Lincoln-county, Maine, 
betweeh Damafcotte and Skungut rivers : 192 miles 
north-eall of Bofton. It contains 996 inhabitants. 
NEWCAS'TLE, a town of Maffachufetts, in the pro¬ 
vince of Maine: fixty-fix miles north-eall of Portland, 
and 192 north-eall of Bofton. 
NEWCAS'TLE, a town of the ftate of Virginia, on the 
York River: eighteen miles north of Richmond. Lat. 
37. 44, N. Ion. 77. 22. W. 
NEWCAS'TLE, a poll-town of Hanover-county, Vir¬ 
ginia, at the mouth of the Aflequin Creek, on the fouth- 
weft fide of Pamunky-river, containing about thirty-fix 
houfes : fifty-four miles north-weft of Williamlburgh. 
NEWCAS'TLE, a townlhip in Weft Cheller-county. 
New York, incorporated in 1791. 
NEWCAS'TLE, a town on the north coaft of the iftand 
of Nevis: fix miles north-north-eaft of Charlellown. 
NEWCAS'TLE, a fmall illand in the Florida Stream; 
Lat. 24. 48. N. Ion. 81. 40. W. 
NEWCAS'TLE, 
