M U L 
teeth fmall, numerous; the lateral line a little branched, 
nearer the back. Dorfal and caudal'fins yellow, the reft 
whitifh. This is fliown at fig. 3. 
5. Mullus vittatus, the five-ftriped furmullet: cirri 
two ; body white, with two brown and three yellow ftripes 
on each fide; tail-fin ftriped tranfverfely with brown. 
This was alfo found by Forlkael in the Red Sea. Body 
lanceolate, white; fcales finely toothed, with obfolete 
elevated rivulets. Jaws crowded with teeth at the edges; 
cirri as long as the gill-coverts. Lateral line near the 
back, and (lightly branched. Dorfal and caudal fins white, 
with brown bands. See fig. 4. 
6. Mullus imberbis, the beardlefs furmullet: the want 
of barbies forms the fpecific character. Six rays in the 
firft dorfal fin, 10 in the fecond, 12 in the peftorals, 6 in 
the ventrals, 10 in the anal, 20 in the tail. This fpecies 
is found in the fea about the ifland of Malta. It is of a 
beautiful red colour; the mouth is large; both jaws and 
palate rough. Artedius placed this, and indeed all the 
furmullets, in the genus Trigla. Cepede, from its -want¬ 
ing the barbies, made it a feparate genus, Apogon, figni- 
fying beardlefs. At Malta it is called re di triglia, king 
of the gurnards; and modern authors call it king of the 
furmullets ; but for what reafon is not known. 
7. Mullus bifafciatus, the two-banded furmullet: a 
tranfverfe ltripe or band of a dark colour at the bafe of 
the firft and fecond dorfal fins ; tail-fin diftindtly bilo- 
bated; fcales on the head fimilar to thofe on the back; 
cirri two, tapering. Seven ftiff rays in the firft dorfal 
fin, \ in the fecond, in the anal fin 6 or 7 rays. This 
and the feven following are arranged by Cepede from 
Commerfon’s MSS. not having been hitherto defcribed 
by any other naturalift. The fpecific character is fo am¬ 
ple, that little more remains to be added. The fcales of 
the upper furface are fpotted at the bafe; the jaws are 
furnifhed with fmall teeth. 
8. Mullus trifafciatus, the three-banded furmullet : 
body whitifh, with three broad dark-brown ftripes on 
each fide; one from each dorfal fin, the third on the tail; 
cirri two, very long. Seven fpines in the firft dorfal fin, 
9 rays in the fecond, 6 or 7 in the anal. The head is co¬ 
vered with fcales fimilar to thofe on the body; lower jaw 
the longeft; teeth fmall; the dorfal fins are very dofe to 
each other. See fig. 5. 
9. Mullus cycloftomus, the round-mouthed furmullet: 
neither ftripes, hands, nor fpots; cirri two, very long ; 
the aperture of the mouth forms a large portion of a cir¬ 
cle; lateral line ftraight, parallel with the back. Eight 
fpinous rays in the firft dorfal fin, £ in the fecond, 7 or 8 
in the anal. The lower jaw is fomewhat longer than the 
upper; and from the fhape of the mouth the fpecific name 
is taken; xvy.M<; fignifying a circle, and c-ropct the mouth. 
The tail-fin is bifurcated, like moft of the genus, and 
very large. Teeth very fmall. 
10. Mullus macronema, the long-bearded furmullet: 
cirri two, very long; body whitifh, with a longitudinal 
line on each fide, and a black fpot near the lateral line. 
Seven fpinous rays in the firft dorfal fin, 8 or 9 articu¬ 
lated rays in the fecond, 7 or 8 in the anal. This is called 
macronema from the length of barbies, (y.ajqjo;, long, and 
tny.x, filament or barbie;) though in this it refembles the 
two preceding fpecies. The ventral fins are much l'maller 
than the pectorals; and there is a longitudinal ftripe of a 
dark colour on the bafe of the fecond dorfal. 
11. Mullus barberinus, the fhort-bearded furmullet: 
cirri two, reaching only to the hinder piece of the oper¬ 
culum, which ends in a recurved fpine. There are 3 rays 
in the membrane of the gills, 7 in the firft dorfal, 9 in the 
fecond, (the laft much longer than the reft,) 17 in the 
peftorals, 6 in the ventrals, 7 in the anal, and 15 in the 
tail, which is forked. This fpecies grows to the length 
of fixteen or eighteen inches. The upper furface is dark- 
green mingled with yellow; red and brown on the top 
of the head and back; and a longitudinal black ftreak 
on each fide. The under part is whitifh; the fins flefh- 
Vop. XVI. No. 1103. 
L U S. 185 
colour; a large round black fpot appears on each fide to¬ 
wards the extremity of the lateral line. The upper jaw 
is extenfible, and fomewhat protruded; the teeth are 
fharp, but very fliort, and diftant; the tongue hard, and 
griftly. Some fcales, fimilar to thofe on the back, appear 
on the operculum, under which Commerfon obferved the 
rudiment of a fifth gill. The lateral line, which follows 
the bending of the back, and is near to it, is made up of 
a feries of little ftrokes branching towards the back, like 
half-ftars. The fcales which cover the body and tail are 
radiated at the bafe, and finely ferrated at their extre¬ 
mity, fo as to feel rough when the hand is pafi'ed up¬ 
wards. Found in the fea about the Moluccas, where the 
natives brought a great many 011-board Commerfon’s vef- 
-fel in September 1768. 
12. Mullus rufefeens, the rufous furmullet: body and 
tail reddifh; fecond dorfal, anal, and tail, fins, ftrewed 
with brown lentile-coloured fpots ; a black fpot near the 
end of the lateral line. One foot in length, or there¬ 
abouts. 
13. Mullus chryferydros, the golden furmullet: body 
and tail red; gold ftripes from the eye as from a centre; 
cirri two, reaching to the bafe of the ventral fins, and 
then bending back. There are 4 rays in the membrane 
of the gills (the fourth very diftant), 7 in the firft dorfal, 
10 in the fecond, 16 in the pe&orals, 6 in the ventrals, 
8 in the anal, 15 in the tail, which is much forked. 
Smaller than the preceding, feldom exceeding eight 
inches in length. It is found moft part of the year, 
though not plentifully, at the Mauritius, where Com¬ 
merfon obferved it in February 1770. It fhines with the 
brightnefs of gold, the ruby, and the amethyft. The ge¬ 
neral colour is a deep red, like the lees of wine. A large 
fpot or patch of gold appears between the dorfal and tail 
fin, falling down on each fide fomewhat in fhape of a lad¬ 
die; with oblique ftripes of gold-yellow on the anal and 
fecond dorfal fins. Mouth like the preceding; but the 
teeth are blunt, and the tongue not moveable. This 
fpecies is good food, but not fo well-tafted as the fol¬ 
lowing. 
14. Mullus flavo-vittatus, the yellow-lined furmullet: 
back bluifh, a yellow line quite along each fide; opercu¬ 
lum in three pieces; cirri two, not quite reaching to the 
origin of the ventral fins. Four rays in the membrane 
of the gills, 7 in the firft dorfal, 8 in the fecond, 16 in 
the pectorals, 6 in the ventrals, 8 in the anal, 15 in the 
tail, which is forked. Size of the preceding ; upper fur¬ 
face blue mingled with brown ; under part filvery; tail-fin 
and upper tips of the dorfals yellow; fometimes a yellow 
ftripe or two before the eyes. Teeth hardly vifible. In 
other refpedts it refembles the preceding; it is excellent 
food. 
15. Mullus lonchiurus, the lancet-tail: tail-fin in the fhape 
of a lancet, or bleeding-inftrument; cirri two. There are 
5 rays in the membrane of the gills, 15 in the peftoral 
fins, 6 in the ventrals, 9 in the anal, 18 in the tail, and 
46 in the cTorfal. The head is comprefied, and covered 
with fcales, terminating in a nalal fnout. The mouth is 
fmall; the jaws of equal length, and furnifhed with fmall 
pointed teeth, and broad lip-bones. The noftrils are fin- 
gle, and oval. The eyes are vertical, with a black pupil 
in a blue iris. The anterior operculum has feveral inci- 
lions on the rim, which makes it appear ferrated. The 
vent is in the middle of the body. The fins are all 
pointed ; they are compofed of loft ramified rays ; the 
dorfal only, which is divided in two, has iimple rays. The 
lateral line runs near the back; and the whole fifh is of 
a red-brown colour. The firft ray of each ventral fin ter¬ 
minates in a long filament; hence Cepede has named it 
dianema, fignifying two threads or filaments. Bloch re¬ 
ceived the lpecimen from Surinam; he has formed it into 
a feparate genus, Lonchiurus, or lancet-tail; in which 
he is followed by Cepede, and Turton the tranfiator of 
Gmelin. It is about ten inches long. 
16. Mullus macropodus, the long-finned furmullet: 
3 B cirri 
