190 M U M 
The jugglers and the minftrels, obferving how highly 
thefe ridiculous dirguifements were relifhed by the people 
in general, turned their talents towards the imitating of 
‘different animals, and rendered their exhibitions more 
pleafmg by the addition of their new acquirements. From 
the fame fource we have borrowed three fpecimens of 
thefe performances Fig. 3 prefents to us the refemblance 
‘of a flag; fig. 4 that of a goat walking ereft on his hinder 
feet. “ Neither of thefe fictitious animals have any fore¬ 
legs ; but to the firft the deficiency is fupplied by a ftaff, 
upon which the aftor might recline at pleafure; his face 
is feen through an aperture on the breaft; and, I doubt 
not, a perfon was chofen to play this part with a face fuf- 
ceptible of much grimace, which he had an opportunity 
of fetting forth to great advantage, with a certainty of 
■commanding the plaudits of his beholders. It was alfo 
poflible to heighten the whimfical appearance of this dif- 
guife by a motion communicated to the head ; a trick the 
man might eafily enough perform by putting one of his 
arms into the hollow of his neck. Fig. 6 reprefents a boy, 
with a mafk refembling the head of a dog, prel'enting a 
fcroll of parchment to his mailer.” To fill oait our Plate, 
we have added, at fig. 7. a reprefentation of the old Eng- 
iilh morrice-dance, defcribed at p. 16. Mr. Strutt is of 
opinion, that all thefe amufements are off-flioots from the 
Saturnalian disfigurements ; and from the fame flock we 
may pertinently derive the fucceeding mafquings and dif- 
guiiements of the perfon frequently praftifed at certain 
feafons of the year j and hence alfo came the modern maf- 
tjiteradfis. 
The mummeries praftifed by the lower claffes of the 
people ufually took place at the Chrillmas-hol'idays ; and 
fuch perfons as could not procure mafks rubbed their 
faces over with font, or painted them; hence Sebaflian 
Brant, in his “ Ship of Fools,” alluding to this cullom, 
%s. 
The one hath a vifor ugley fet on his face. 
Another hath on a vile counterfaite vefture. 
Or painteth his vifage with fume, in fuch cafe 
That what he is, himfelfis fcantly fure. 
It appears that many abufes were committed under the 
fanftion of thefe -difguifements ; and for this reafon an 
ordnance was eflablifhed, by which a man was liable to 
punifhment who appeared in the ilreets of London with 
** a painted vifage.” Stow’s Survey, fol. 680. By flat. 
3 Hen. VIII. it was ordained that no perfons fhould ap¬ 
pear abroad like mummers, covering their faces with vi¬ 
gors, and in difguifed apparel, under pain of imprifon- 
ment for three months. The fame aft enforced the pe¬ 
nalty of 20s. againll fuch as kept vizors in their houfes 
for the purpofe of mumming. The lafl aft againll mum¬ 
ming is the 3 Anne 8. c. 9. Strutt's Sports and Pajlimes 
of the People of England, p. 124, 189. 
MUM'MIUS (Lucius), a Roman of a mean family, who 
sotwithflanding arrived at the confulfhip. He was fent 
'againll the Achseans, whom he conquered, B. C. 147. He 
deflroyed Corinth, Thebes, and Chalcis, by order of the 
fenate; and obtained the furname of Achaicus from his 
"viftories. The plunder of Corinth, the richefl city then 
•in the world in the remains of ancient art, was given to 
the foldiery, with the exception of fuch pieces as the con- 
ful thought worthy of preferving for the decoration of 
•Rome. His judgment in this matter, however, was much 
inferior to his difintereflednefs and integrity ; for fo little 
did he polfefs of the tafle of a connoifleur, that, when the 
fpoils were put on (hip-board to be conveyed to Rome, he 
gave notice to the mailers of the veffels, that, if any of 
them were loft, they were to be replaced with others as 
good, at their own expenfe. The fortune of a famous 
pidlure, the Bacchus of Anilides, was remarkable. It 
was found employed by l'ome Roman foldiers as a table 
to play at diceupon ; and, being refcued from their hands, 
was put up to fale with the other fpoils. Attalus, king 
'■of Pergamus, bid for it near 5000I. fterling; at which 
M U M 
Mummms was fo much furprifed, that, fuppofing it topof- 
fefs fome magical virtue, he cancelled the bargain, to the 
king’s great mortification. The conful placed it in the 
Temple of Ceres, where it was feen by Strabo before its 
deftruftion in the conflagration of that edifice. Mum- 
mius, on his return to Rome, was honoured with a tri¬ 
umph, which was embellilhed by a difplay of all the ra¬ 
rities of art that he had brought from Corinth. He after¬ 
wards ferved the office of cenfor; but, falling upon fome 
account under the difpleafure of his fellow-citizens, was 
lent into banilhment, and died at Delos. His ignorance 
of antiquity and the fine arts is become proverbial. 
MUM'MY, f. [mumie, Fr. mumia, Lat. derived by Sal- 
malius from amornum, Lat. by Bochart from the Arab. 
mumia. Dr. Johufon. —The Spaniards call piffafphalt (Bi¬ 
tumen mumia ?) cera de minera, mineral wax, perhaps 
from its confiftency ; but the Arabians term it mumia ; 
whence, it may be, embalmed bodies came to be called 
mummies, from their being prelerved with this piflafphalt; 
and this we are the more apt to believe, lince the true af- 
phalt, or bitumen Judaicum, was very fcarce. Greenhill's 
Art of Embalming, 1705.] A dead body preferved by the 
Egyptian art of Embalming.—It is ft range how long car- 
cales have continued uncorrupt, as appeareth in the mum¬ 
mies of Egypt, having lafted fome of them three thoufand 
years. Bacon's Nat. Hijl. 
Saved by lpice, like mummies, many a year, 
Old bodies of philolophy appear. Pope's Dunciact. 
The liquor which diftils from mummies; any gum.—Ini 
or near this place is a precious liquor or mummy growing : 
a moift redolent gum it is, fovereign againll poiions. Sir 
T. Herbert's Travels. 
Mummy, properly fpeaking, is not the flelh of the de- 
ceafed, but the compofition with which it is embalmed; 
but, in common acceptation, mummy is alfo ufed for the 
body. The preparation of mummy is of fo old a Handing, 
that it was in ufe in Egypt before the time of Mofes. The 
coffin in which the mummy is contained was to be of fy- 
camore-wood, which is found to keep found for the fpace 
of 3000 years ; but the tree, properly thus called, was 
very different from our fycamore. 
Mummy is faid to have been firft: brought into ufe in 
medicine by a Jewilh phyfician, who wrote, that flelh thus 
embalmed was good for the cure of divers difeafes, and 
particularly for bruifes, to prevent the blood gathering 
and coagulating. The Turks prevent the exportation of 
mummy into Europe as much as poflible. 
There are two kinds of bodies denominated mummies. 
The firft are only carcafes, dried by the heat of the fun, 
and by that means kept from putrefaftion : thefe are fre¬ 
quently found-in the dry lands of Lybia. Some fay, they 
are the bodies of deceafed people buried there on purpofe, 
to keep them entire without embalming; others, that they 
are the carcafes of travellers. See. who have been over¬ 
whelmed with clouds of fand raifed by the hurricanes fre¬ 
quent in thofe deferts. Mummies of the fecond kind are 
bodies taken out of the pits or catacombs near Cairo, in 
which the Egyptians depofited their dead after embalm¬ 
ing. Thefe conftitute the mummies fo much valued, and 
to which fuch extraordinary virtues are aferibed. See the 
article Egypt, vol. vi. p. 351, 2. 
We have two different fubltances preferved for medi¬ 
cinal ufe under the name of mummy, though both in fome 
degree of the fame origin. The one is the dried and pre¬ 
ferved flelh of human bodies, embalmed with myrrh and 
lpices ; the other is the liquor running from fuch mum¬ 
mies, when newly prepared, or when aft’efted by great 
heat or damps. The latter is fometimes in a liquid, 
fometimes of a folid, form, as it is preferved in vials well 
Hopped, or fuffered to dry and harden in the air. The 
firft kind of mummy is brought to us in large pieces, of a 
lax and friable texture, light and fpongy, of a blackilh 
brown colour, and often damp and clammy on the furface : 
it is of a llrong but dilagr-eeable Xmell. The fecond kind 
