19*> v - M U N 
worn in his prifon. On the 31ft he was admitted to an 
audience of the emperor. Peter, aftjer hanging, about 
his neck the order of St. Andrew, and reftoring liim to 
his ancient rank, faidtohim, “ I hope that your advanced 
age will hill permit you to ferve for me.” “ Since your 
majefty,” replied the count at the conclufion of a long 
fpeech, “ has railed me from darknefs into light, and 
recalled me from Siberia, to proftrate myfelf before your 
throne, J lhall always be moft willing to expole'my life 
in your fervice.” 
During the memorable revolution of 1762, Munic, 
aft u a ted by a noble fenfe of gratitude, had offered to (up- 
port the emperor at the hazard of his own perlon ; but 
this conduct did not draw down upon him the .re fen t- 
ment of Catharine after fhe had affumed the reins of 
government. When that princefs mildly inquired the 
motives of fuch an oppofition to her intereft, Munic, 
■with a fpirit which twenty years’ imprifonrnent could not 
fubdue, replied : “ At that period, I was engaged by the 
l'trongeft ties of duty and gratitude to exert myfelf in 
behalf of my late mailer. Your majefty is now my fove- 
reign, and you will experience from me the fame fidelity.” 
The emprefs, ftruck with the magnanimity of his anl'wer, 
repofed in him, with equal greatnefs of mind, the moft 
unbounded confidence, which was juftified by bis fubfe- 
quent condudl. He died in the month of October 1767, 
in the eighty-fifth year of his age. 
Munic was a man who dilplayed in his character great 
virtues and great defeCts. He was exceedingly laborious 5 
and fo pertinacious in his defigns, when once formed, 
that no obftacle or difficulty could deter him from carry¬ 
ing them into execution. To great acutenefs of judg¬ 
ment he united uncommon accuracy, which was apparent 
even in his ftyle. He favoured literature, and frequented 
the company of learned men. He was alio acquainted 
•with the arts, for which he had a confiderable tafte; and 
diftinguilhed himfelf, in particular, as a general, and by 
his knowledge of taftics ; but is accufed of exercifing 
too much leverity to thole who were placed under his 
command. To the defective fide of his charafter may be 
added, that he was too precipitate in his meafures ; and 
this fault was further heightened by an unlleadinefs 
of difpofition, which rendered him fometimes parlimoni- 
ous, and at others liberal ; often haughty and imperious, 
but frequently fawning and abjeCt. He was violent, and 
prone to anger; irreconcileable when once offended; 
eager for revenge, and, on l'ome occafions, ungrateful. 
Being immoderately ambitious, he l'olicited, after the 
conqueft of Moldavia, to remain there as hofpodar; and, 
when difappointed in this objeft, he requefted, but with¬ 
out fuccefs, to be created duke of Ukraine. When he 
made the latter requeft, Biren faid : “ Munic is remark¬ 
ably modeft ; I thought he would be contented with 
nothing lefs than to be grand duke of Ruffia.” His 
faults, however, did fcarcely any hurt but to himfelf; and 
his virtues were of great benefit to Ruffia. Bufchivg's 
Hi ft. Mug. Coxe's Travels in Rujj'ia, §r. vol. iii. Gen. 
JSiag. 
MU'NICH, a city of Bavaria, of which it is the capi¬ 
tal, and refidenCe of the king, fituated on the Ifer. The 
ftraight and broad ftreets of this place, (Svith paths on 
both fides for foot-paflengers, the want of which is pro¬ 
ductive of fo much inconvenience in Paris and many 
other continental cities,) and the great number of fine 
buildings in it, both ecclefiaftical and fecular, render it 
one of the handfomeft cities in all Germany, and even 
in Europe; and it is faid to contain 50,000 inhabitants. 
Having been built at firft by duke Henry the Lion, in j 175, 
on a fpot of ground belonging to a convent, it had from 
thence in German the name of Munchen, i. e. Monk’s 
Town, and a monk for its arms. The palace here is a 
very grand ftrufture, confining of feveral courts, furnilhed 
and adorned in the moft magnificent manner, with tapef- 
try, gilding, fculpture, ftatues, and paintings. It con¬ 
tains an amazing collection of jewels, antiquities, and 
I C II. 
curiofit ics. The great hall is r i ? feet long and 52 broad 5 
and the ftaircale leading to it, from top to bottom, of 
marble and gold. In the hall of antiquities are 354. bulls 
and ftatues of jafper and porphyry, brafs and marble. In 
this palace is a library, containing 200,000 volumes, and 
many valuable manuferipts, in moft languages, ancient 
and modern; and a chamber of rarities, among which is 
the picture of a bravo or alfo din, who is laid to have com¬ 
mitted 345 murders with his own hand, and to have been 
accomplice in, or privy to, 400 more. The treafury in 
the chapel contains alfo a vail number of pictures, pre¬ 
cious (tones, medals, veftels of gold and ftlver, &c. Among 
other curioiities, here is a cherry-done with 140 heads 
diftinCtly engraved upon it. The gardens of the palace 
are alfo very fine, and it is faid a lecret pafiage leads from 
it to all the.churches and convents in the town. There 
is a great number of other fine buildings in this city, 
public and private, particularly the riding-houfe, town- 
lioufe, opera-room, large edifice for tournaments, the 
churches, convents, fountains, &c. Its manufactures are 
thofe of filk, particularly velvet, woollen cloths, and tapef- 
try; and it has two annual fairs, at which great quantities 
of goods are fold. Moft of the houfes are well built, 
and painted on the outfide. The market-place is extreme¬ 
ly beautiful. Not far from Munich are four other palaces, 
with fine gardens, belonging to the eleCtor, viz. thofe of 
Sleiffieim, Nymphenburg, Dauchau, and Starenberg. The 
firft and laft are about three leagues from the capital; the 
fecond about half a league, and the third about two, at a 
market-town of the fame name. 
A college called the Atheneum has been lately founded 
by profeffor Thierch, for the inftruCtion of young modern 
Greeks. It is already in a flourifning ftate ; feveral youn^ 
men from Greece, Alia, Moldavia, Wallachia, See. purfue 
their Itudies there; and the plan of the eftabliftiment is 
calculated to have a great influence on the cultivation 
of the mind of Greek youth. 
It has been fometimes lamented that England is not a 
wine-producing country: but the common people have 
no reafon to regret, this circumftanqe, ftnee it is obferved 
of the inhabitants of London and of Munich, that they 
obtain an excellent malt-beverage at a low price, which 
renders their fituation fuperior to the people in countries 
where the vine is cultivated, whole only drink is moll 
deteftable wine. If, however, the bourgeoifie of Munich 
referable John Bull in their predilection for good malt- 
liquor, they differ from him tain coclo in their mode of ob- 
ferving Sunday ; which, efpecially at the Carnival feafon, 
is a day of the greateft levity and diffipation. « The 
people of Munich (fays Mr.Depping) are lefs diftinguilhed 
by a tafte for the arts than by their love of diverfions and 
good Jiving. Particularly during the carnival, this city 
prefents a continual fucceffion of fetes and pleafures. A 
ftatement of the amufements which are to take place every 
day is publiffied ; and on the Sundays of the carnival they 
have what is called the Academy of Mujks, a diverfion 
peculiar to this city, which takes place at the principal 
theatre. No one can be admitted without a malk, or at 
leaft without a part of the face being malked; and fome 
perfons, availing themfelves of this latitude in the order, 
appear with merely a malk over their nofes. Not only is 
the body of the theatre fplendidly illuminated, but every 
range of boxes. The pit is made level with the Itage: 
though at the end a fmail fpace is left for the performance 
of lively pantomimes, the characters of which are always 
Harlequin and Columbine, Callander (Pantaloon), and 
Giles (the Clown). The loves of Harlequin and Colum¬ 
bine, the tricks, the difguifes, and addrefs, of Harlequin, 
and the traps which Callander and Giles lay for them, 
conftitute the fubftance of the piece: but the incidents 
are much varied, and fucceed each other with great rapi¬ 
dity. This fpecies of reprefentation, which appears to 
have been tranfplanted from Italy into Bavaria, we need 
not wiffi more perfeftt; yet it is not the falhion at Munich 
to give it much attention, only the middling-daffies and 
children 
