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verily bodies. Tycho Brahe was the firfl: who ufed a mural 
arch in his obfervations; after him Hevelius, Mr. Flam- 
flead, De la Hire, &c. ufed the fame means. Chambers .— 
In the neftarine and the like delicate mural fruit, the later 
your pruning, the better. Evelyn's Kalendar. —A l'oldier 
would venture his life for a mural crown. Addijon. 
And Repair’d 
Her mural breach, returning whence it roll’d. Milton. 
MURAL'T (John), an intelligent and induftrious phy- 
fician, was a native of Zurich, and defcended from an 
ancient family in that city. He commenced his lludies at 
Montpellier; and afterwards went to Leyden, and to Paris, 
in which capital he attended chiefly to midwifery and ana¬ 
tomy, under the tuition of Mauriceau and Gayant. On 
his return to Zurich, lie pra&ifed all.the branches of the 
healing art; and alfo gave le&ures in" natural philofophy, 
anatomy, and furgery. He was inftrumental in eftablilh- 
ing an anatomical theatre in this city, and frequently 
gave demonftrations, by difledHon, both in human and 
comparative anatomy. He acquired a general reputation 
and efteem among his fellow citizens; and died much re¬ 
gretted in 1733. He was author of a confiderable num¬ 
ber of papers printed in the A&a Academia; Naturae Cu- 
rioforum, of which fociety he was admitted a member, 
under the name of Aretasus. Thefe memoirs relate prin¬ 
cipally to comparative anatomy. He likewife publiflied 
the following works : 1. Vade-mecum Anatomicum, live 
Clavis Medicinae, Zurich, 1677 ; which was reprinted in 
Andterdam, in 1688, under the title of “ Exercitationes 
Anatomicae obfervationibus et experimentis anatomicis 
mixtae.” The experiments and obfervations relate to the 
chyle, milk, lymph, bile, blood, and other humours ; and 
fome of them are original; but he claims other difeo- 
veries which have not been allotted to him. 2. Colle¬ 
gium Anatomicum, NureVnb. 1687. 3. Zoologia, Zur. 
1709. 4.. Phylices fpecialis quatuor Partes, live Helvetia 
Paradifus, ibid. 171c. This work contains a catalogue of 
the plants that grow on the mountains round Zurich, 
many of which had not been deferibed before; but Haller 
obferves that, he was not always correct in his nomencla¬ 
ture. Halleri Bill. Botan. 
MURAL'T (Beat-Louis de), a native of Berne, after 
travelling with apenetrating and philolophical eye through 
feveral parts of Europe, made himfelf known by his “ Let- 
ires furies Francois et fur les Anglois,” in two vols. izmo. 
He wrote alfo Fables, and other works, which, though not 
very excellent, fuited the tafte of the times, and were 
much read. Gen. Biog. 
MURA'NO, a fmall ifland in the gulf of Venice, with 
a town of the fame name, which is the fee of a bilhop, and 
lies a little to the north of Venice. 
Murano is a very ancient town, having been founded 
by the inhabitants, of Altiano at the fame time with Ve¬ 
nice. It is built in the centre of the lagunes, and inter¬ 
fered by canals. Its circumference meafures three Ita¬ 
lian miles, and its population confifts of 10,000 fouls. It 
has four parochial churches, feven other churches, one 
monaflery, fix nunneries, one oratory, and two feminaries. 
The churches are as follow : viz. that of Santa Maria and 
St. Donato, which is very old, and the principal and mo¬ 
ther church of the ifland : it has a ground-floor of molaic 
work, wrought in the year j 140, and fome good paint¬ 
ings. The church Gli Angeli contains, above all the 
other churches of the ifle, a great number of beautiful 
paintings. The church of St. Bernardo poffefles alfo fome 
good paintings; as well as the churches of St. Chiara le 
Dimefle, ot St. Jacobo, of St. Mattheo, of St. Marco and 
Andrea, of St. Martino, and chiefly of St. Pietro Martyre, 
with the convent, which contains the only known paint¬ 
ing of Andrea of Murano, the firfl: founder of the better 
Venetian Ichools. The church of St. Stephen is alfo 
adorned with good paintings. There is alfo in this ifland 
a rich lay-brotherhood of St. Giovanni; the abbey of 
Sr. Cipriano, incorporated with the patriarchate of Venice; 
a college of the Somafchi, where youth are inftrudted 
in the belles lettres ; and a college of the Piarifts, deftined 
for the fame purpofe. Near Murano is fituated the con¬ 
vent of the Camalduan monks of St. Maria, and the epif- 
copal palace of Murano, ere&ed by the bilhop Giuftiniano. 
The palaces Donato are alfo to be clafled among the fined 
buildings of Murano, on account of the paintings al frefco 
by Paul Veronefe. But the molt remarkable objedts at 
Murano are the celebrated glafs-houfes, in which 1000 
perfons are employed, and confume yearly, 8000 cords of 
wood. They were at firfl: eredted in Rialto, but after¬ 
wards removed to this ifland, on account of the numerous 
conflagrations. Here the fineft plate-glafs in the world is 
fabricated, together with magnificent girandoles of the 
fineft cryftal, all forts of glafs ornaments for apartments, 
garlands, defert-pieces for Iplendid tables, beads and co¬ 
rals, and a kind of fmall enamelled tubes of a red and white 
glafs for ornaments, which are neft made in any other part 
of the world. The glafs plates are not call here; as in 
England or France, but are blown in whole and long cy¬ 
linders, fimilar to the procels of blowing bottles. When 
the plate has acquired a fufficient diftenfion by blowing 
and other means, it is divided with a (harp inftrument, 
and both ends are feparated afunder, and flattened. This 
great plate is again put into the oven, and taken after¬ 
wards out of it as a clear and perfect piece of glafs. The 
proprietors of thefe glafs-houfes enjoy certain high pre¬ 
rogatives of Venetian citizenfhip, it being fuppofed that 
the king of France, Flenry III. when viliting their ma¬ 
nufactures, granted them thefe privileges : and the com¬ 
mune has hitherto enjoyed the privilege of coining money 
to a certain amount at Venice. Oppenheim's Account of 
Maritime Anjlria; 1798. 
MURA'NUM, in ancient geography, a town on the 
confines of Lucania. Now Morano; a citadel in Calabria 
Citra, at the fprings of the Sybaris, midway between the 
Sinus Tarentinus to the eaft, and the Tufcan Sea to the 
weft. Suppofed to have arifen from the ruins of Syphaeum, 
a town of the Bruttii mentioned by Livy. 
MURA'NY, a fortrels of Hungary: eighteen miles 
fouth-well of Kapfdorf. 
MURA'RI, one of the names of the Hindoo deity 
Krifiina, or Vifhnoo. 
MURARUT', a mountain of Tranfilvania, on the bor¬ 
ders of Servia: forty-eight miles fouth of Hunyad. 
MURASS'ON, a town of France, in the department of 
the Aveiron : thirteen miles fouth-fouth-weft of St. Af- 
rique, and thirty eaft-fouth-eaft of Albin. 
MURASZER'DA, a town of Hungary, on the river 
Muhra: eight miles north-north-eaft of Cfakathurn. 
MURAT', a town of France, in the department of the 
Tarn : nine miles eaft of La Caune. 
MURAT', a town of France, and principal place of a 
diftrift, in the department of the Cantal: feven miles 
weft-north-weft of St. Flour, and twenty-one north-eaft 
of Aurillac. Lat. 45. 7. N. Ion. 2. 56. E. 
MURAT' (Joachim). See the article Naples. 
MURA'TIO, J\ A town or borough lurrounded with 
walls. Jacob. 
MURATO'RI (Lodovico Antonio), a learned Italian 
writer, was born at Vignola, in the duchy of Modena, in 
the year 1672. He was oblerved, even in his infancy, to 
have a paflion for reading, which was imbibed from pe- 
rufing the Romances of Madame Scudery, which by acci¬ 
dent, at that early period, fell in his way. At the age of 
thirteen he was fent to the Jefuits’ fchool at Modena, 
where he daily ftole from his lleep feveral hours to allot to 
his ftudies ; and from this time to his death he reftriCIed 
himfelf to feven hours reft out of the tw r enty-four. At 
his own defire he was devoted to the fervice of the church, 
and received the tonfure from the bilhop of Modena in 
his fixteenth year. Having completed his courfe at fchool, 
he entered upon the ltudies of the univerlity, and culti¬ 
vated with great eagernels polite literature and poetry^ 
and in a ihort time afterwards made great proficiency in 
