M U R 
MUR'DEROUSLY, adv. In a bloody or a cruel man¬ 
ner. Sherwood. 
MUR'DEROUSNESS, f. A propenfity to bloodfhed. 
Scott. 
MURDGUR', a town of Hindooftan, in the circar of 
Cicacole : eighteen miles north-north-welt of Ganjam. 
MURDGUR'RY, a town of Hindooftan, in Mylore: 
twenty miles eaft-fouth-eaft of Sirpy. 
MURE, a cape on the weft coaft of the ifland of Cor- 
fica : thirteen miles fouth-fouth-weft of Ajazzo. 
MURE (La), a town of France, in the department of 
the Here: eighteen miles fouth of Grenoble, and nine¬ 
teen north-eaft of Die. 
MURE, f. [mur, Fr. munis, Lat.] A wall. Not now in 
life. —The itreightes feemed to be fhutt up with a long 
mure of yce. Settle's Lajl Voyage of Capt. Frol i/her, 1577.— 
Girt with a triple mure of Ihining brafs. Heywood's Golden 
Age, 1611. 
The inceffant care and labour of his mind 
Hath wrought the mure that ftiould confine it in 
So thin, that life looks through, and will break out. Shahefp. 
jToMURE, v. a. To inclofe in walls.—All the gates of 
the city were mured up, except fuch as were referved to 
fally out at. Knolles. —To confine by any ftrong fattening: 
He took a muzzell ftrong 
Of fureft iron made, with many a lincke ; 
Therewith he mured up his mouth. Spenjer. 
MURE'KA, a town of Ruftia, in the government of 
Tobollk, on the Tungulka: 19a miles eaft of Enileilk. 
Lat. 58. 30. N. Ion. 98. 14. E. 
MU'RENGER, f. An overfeer of a wall.—The muren- 
gers are two officers of great antiquity in the city of Chef- 
ter; being two of the principal aldermen chofen yearly to 
fee the walls kept in good repair, and to receive .a certain 
toll and cuftom for the maintenance thereof. Chambers. 
MUREN'ZKOI STAN'ITZ, an oftrog of Ruffia, in the 
government of Irkutfk, on the Lena. Lat. 60. 31. N. Ion. 
314. 50. E. 
MU'RES, a town of Spain, in Afturia: feventeen miles 
north-north-weft of Oviedo. 
MURET', a town of Prance, and principal place of a 
diftrift, in the department of the Upper Garonne, on the 
Garonne: nine miles fouth of Touloufe, and thirteen 
north of Rieux. Lat. 43.27. N. Ion. 1.25. E. 
MURET', oi'Mure'tus (Mark-Anthony), an eminent 
claffical fcholar, was born in 1526, at a town of the fame 
name as that by which he is known, near Limoges. With 
but little affiftance in the way of a preceptor, he acquired 
the Greek and Latin languages at an early age; and in 
his eighteenth year he went to Auch to read leftures on 
Cicero and Terence in the archbiffiop’s feminary. He 
vilited the famous Julius-Ctefar Scaliger at Agen, by 
whom he was recommended to the magiftrates at Bour- 
deaux, where he taught the belles lettres in 1547. He left 
that city for the capital, where he was made one of the 
profeffors in the college of St. Barbe; and acquired fo 
much reputation by his le&ures, that the king and queen 
came to hear him. From Paris he went to Touloufe, 
where he ftudied the civil law, and explained its ele¬ 
ments. He had been driven from the metropolis by the 
imputation of a crime, which in very few countries meets 
with any quarter; the charge followed him to Touloufe, 
and obliged him haftily to remove to Venice. That the 
accufations were unfounded, has been inferred from the 
favourable reception which he met with in Italy, even 
from popes and cardinals 5 and alfo from the regularity 
of his life in that country, which was his principal refi- 
dence from the year 1554. At Venice he taught publicly, 
at a very confiderable falary; and from thence he was lent 
to Padua, to inftruft the Venetian youth in claffical lite¬ 
rature; and there he contrafted an intimacy with Bembo, 
Manuzio, and other eminent Italian fcholars. In 1560, 
he was invited to Rome by cardinal Hippolito d’Efte, 
3 
M UR 215 
whom he accompanied in his legation to Paris. Here he 
printed his edition of Cicero’s Philippics, and on his re¬ 
turn to the capital he continued to refide with the car¬ 
dinal, who engaged him, in 1563, to write commentaries 
upon Ariftotle’s morals, which he performed during 
four years, with great applaufe, before a numerous au¬ 
dience. He afterwards gave lectures on the civil law; 
and at the defire of pope Gregory XIII. explained feveral 
of the principal claffical authors. In 1576, though at the 
age of fifty, he took holy orders; after which, Stephen 
Battori, king of Poland, invited him to his kingdom 
upon very advantageous terms; "but Gregory, at the ear¬ 
ned: requeft of the confervators of the Roman people, hav¬ 
ing doubled his appointments, the literature and fociety 
of Rome turned the fcale, and he declined accepting the 
offer. He died at Rome in 1585, and was buried with ex¬ 
traordinary funeral honours. Muret was one of the moll 
elegant Latin writers of his time; he was likewife a man 
of general erudition, and well verfed in that fort of know'- 
ledge which is requifite for a critic on the writings of 
antiquity. It is to his difgrace, that he wrote in praife of 
the horrible mafiacre of Sr. Bartholomew, publiftied in his 
panegyric of the hateful Charles IX. His works were 
publifhed colledtively at Verona in 1727-30, in 5 vols. 8vo. 
They confift of notes on various authors, orations, let¬ 
ters, poems, deputations, &c. His place is rather among 
men of letters, than men of genius. 
MU'REX, /! in botany. See Pedalium. 
MU'REX, J'. in helminthology, a genus of the clafs 
vermes, and order teftacea. Generic chara&ers—Animal 
a limax ; fhell univalve, fpiral, rough, with membranaceous 
futures; aperture oval, ending in an entirely ftraight or 
flightly afcending canal. This genus is feparated into fix 
diftinbt divilions, containing in the whole more than 180 
fpecies, fcattered through the different leas of the globe: 
of thefe, feven or eight only are common to our own 
coafts. See the article Conchology, vol. v. p. 28, 9. 
and, for a reference to the different fpecies of Murex 
delineated on the Plates adapted to that article, fee 
Helminthology, vol. ix. p. 353. 
I. Spinous, with a produced beak. 
1. Murex hauftellum: fhell ovate tuberculate, with a 
long fubulate muricate beak. There is alfo a variety of 
this fpecies. It is found in Afia, America, and in the 
Red Sea. It varies much in the colour and length of its 
tubercles on the beak ; the aperture is rounded, generally 
rofy; the mouth is fometiines white, fometimes bluifh. 
2. Murex tribulus, the thorny woodcock: fhell ovate, 
with a triple row of fetaceous fpines, the beak elongated 
fubulate, with fimilar fpines. Of this fpecies there are 
two varieties: a. With fpines fhorter than the beak. 13 . 
With fpines as long or longer than the beak. It inhabits 
the fame feas as the laft, but is rare. The fhell is wbitilh 
or reddifb, tranfverfely ftriate. 
3. Murex cornutus: fhell roundifh, and furrounded 
with fubulate oblique fpines; beak long, fubulate, ftraight, 
with a few fhort fpines. It is found on the fouthern coafts 
of Africa, but is not frequently met with. The (hell is 
eight inches long, tranfverfely ftriate, white, yellow, or 
pale chefnut; within it is rofy ; fpines two inches long, 
the whorls rounded and inflated. 
4. Murex brandaris: fhell fubovate, furrounded with 
ftraight fpines ; beak moderately long, fubulate ftraight, 
and obliquely furrounded with fpines. It inhabits the 
Mediterranean and Adriatic feas. The fhell is white, 
cinereous, or brownifh, with a triple row of fmall fpines, 
the third row fhorter, rarely a Angle row with the beak 
unarmed. 
5. Murex trunculus: fhell ovate, knotty, and fur¬ 
rounded with fpines on the fore-part; beak fhort, perfo¬ 
rate, and truncate. Found in the Mediterranean and in 
Jamaica. The fhell is variable in colours, fometimes barred 
and tranfverfely ftriate; beak fometimes ftraight, fame- 
times bent to the left. 
6 . Murex 
