M U R 
eolledion till within a few days of his deceafe, which 
took place without a groan, on the 20th of March 1793, 
in the 89th year of his age. His remains were depofited in 
Weftminfter Abbey. The bulk of his large fortune went 
to lord Stormont, who fucceeded to his title. The pri¬ 
vate virtues of lord Mansfield were univerfally acknow¬ 
ledged 5 and the lingular amenity of his manners, in which 
vivacity and gaiety were tempered with elegance and de¬ 
corum, rendered him the delight of all the focial circles 
which he frequented. The records of his legal know¬ 
ledge are preferved in his arguments as counfel in Mr. 
Atkins’s Reports, and his fpeeches and decifions as judge 
in Sir James Burrows’s, Mr. Douglas’s, and Mr. Cowper’s, 
Reports. His judgments In the court of K. B. were parti¬ 
cularly fortunate; for, during the whole time of his prefid- 
ing there, there were few or noinftances of their being either 
arraigned or reverfed. Of his difmtereftednefs let it be ob- 
ferved, that he thrice refufed the office of lord high chan¬ 
cellor, and never took any grant or emolument from the 
late king, forhimfelf or any perfon belonging to him ; and 
when the fufferers by the dreadful riots in 1780 were to 
be reimburfed by the public, his lordffiip, in conjundion 
with fir,George Saville, nobly refufed any compenfation 
whatever. Haltiday's Life of Earl Mansfield. Jones's Biog. 
Bid. 
MUR'RAY (John-Andrew, M. D.), profeffor of me¬ 
dicine in the univerfity of Gottingen, and member of va¬ 
rious learned focieties, was defeended from a Scots family, 
who during Cromwell’s ufurpation abandoned their na¬ 
tive country, and fettled in Poland and Pruffia. He was 
born in 1740 at Stockholm, where his father was preacher 
to the German congregation in that city. Under the eye 
of this worthy parent, he was initiated in the principles 
of learning; and till the age of fourteen he frequented 
the German Lyceum, where he applied to the languages, 
mathematics, philofophy, hiftory, and geography. The 
two following years he had private inftrudion in mathe¬ 
matics and natural philofophy; and in 1766, when feven- 
teen, he removed to Upfal, where he ftudied natural hif¬ 
tory, botany, the materia medica, and pathology, under 
Linnaeus 5 anatomy, under Arvilius ; and pharmacy, mi¬ 
neralogy, and chemiftry, under Wallerius. Among all 
thefe preceptors he entertained the higheft refpeCt for 
Linnaeus : he always embraced every opportunity of de¬ 
claring how much he was indebted to that celebrated 
man; afterwards maintained with him an uninterrupted 
literary correl’pondence, and on many occafions defended 
him when attacked on account of his fyftem or opinions. 
In 1759 he made a tour to the fouthern provinces of Swe¬ 
den, and thence to Copenhagen, the object of which was 
to enlarge his knowledge of natural hiftory, and to make 
himfelf acquainted with new economical difeoveries. In 
1760 he proceeded to Gottingen, where his brother John- 
Philip was profeffor of philofophy; and here he applied, 
with the utmoft affiduity, for two years, to the different 
branches taught in that feminary, attending the lectures 
of Richter, Vogel, Buttner, Kaftner, and other profeffors. 
He devoted fome time alfo to the ftudy of the Engliffi, 
French, and Italian, languages. By a fpecial licenfe from 
the Hanoverian government, he began, at Eafter, 1763, to 
give leffons in botany; in Auguft, the fame year, he took 
the degree of M. D. and in April following was appointed 
extraordinary profeffor of medicine. In 1768 he was 
eleded a member of the Academy of Sciences at Stock¬ 
holm ; next year he was appointed profeffor of medicine, 
and director of the botanical garden ; and in 1770 he was 
admitted a member of the Royal Society of Gottingen. 
Linnaeus had already given the name of Caffida Murray! 
to an infed dilcovered by him ; and in 1771 he gave the 
denomination of Murraya exotica to an Eaft-Indian 
tree. See that article. 
In the courfe of the following years he was eleded a 
member of moll of the learned focieties in Europe; in 1780 
the king of Sweden conferred on him the order of Vafa,' 
and in 1.78a he was railed by his Britannic majefty to the 
M U R §31 
rank of privy-counfellor. In the beginning of 1791 he 
was attacked by a fpurious peripneumony, which left be¬ 
hind it a continued cough, intermittent pains in the left 
fide, and a fhortnefs of breath. He confulted his friend 
Dr. Altorf; but the difeale continued to gain fo much 
that, on the 21ft of May, his phylician thought it advi- 
fiible to make him acquainted with the real ftate of his 
cafe. This information he received with the utmoft tran¬ 
quillity and compofure ; obferving that the only thing 
which gave him uneafinefs was his Apparatu^ Medicami- 
num, on which he had employed fo much time and la¬ 
bour, and which he could have wifhed to live to complete. 
He then afked his friend whether he would undertake to 
bring it to a conclulion ; and, being anfwered in the affir* 
mative, he got up, notwithftanding his extreme weak- 
nefs, and, having delivered to him the manufeript, gave 
diredions in what manner'he was defirous that the con¬ 
tinuation fhould be executed. The fame day he corrected 
the tenth Iheet of the fixtli volume ; but the violence of 
his pain obliged him to fufpend his labour at the twelfth 
page; and next day, May 22, 1791, he expired, in the 
fifty-fecond year of his age. 
Murray was a man of found judgment, great adivity 
and induftry, and extenfive information. He conftantly 
rofe early, and laboured till a late hour in his clofet, un- 
lefs prevented by Ills avocations in the botanic-garden. 
Hence he was enabled to compole a number of trads, on 
various lubjeds, in botany, natural hiftory, medicine, 
pharmacy, and medical literature. His principal work, 
however, was on the fubjed of the materia medica, and 
had occupied a large portion of his time and attention. 
It was publiflied at different times, and entitled “ Ap¬ 
paratus Medicaminum, tarn fiinplicium quam praepatorum 
et compolitorum, in Praxeos adjumentum confideratus 
and coniifts of fix volumes, odavo. Among his other 
produdions, are, 2. Opufcula in quibus Commentatione9 
varias, tam medicas quam ad Rem naturalem fpedantes, 
retradtavit, emendavit, auxit; 2 vols. Gott. 1785, 1786. 
3. Commentates de Hepatitide, maxime India; Orientalis, 
ibid. 1780. 4. Spinte bifida; mala offium conformatione 
inita, ibid. 1780. 5. Retzii Primae Linese Pharmaciae, 
tranflated from the Swedifli, 1771 6. Rofenftein’s Family 
Difipenfatory, tranflated from the fame, Leipfic, 1781. In 
the Tranfadions of the Royal Society of Gottingen, are 
inferred many valuable papers of profeflor Murray’s, 
chiefly relating to the molt remarkable plants cultivated 
in the botanic-garden; and he enjoyed fo much of the 
confidence of his great preceptor Liqnseus, as to be en- 
trufted by him with the editing of the thirteenth edition 
of the Syftema Vegetabilium. Pie likewife publifhed tire 
fourteenth edition of the fame work, after the author’s 
death, in 1784. It is to be regretted that, in the execution 
of his talk, he did not follow the original principle of 
Linnaeus, in introducing the new genera from the Sup¬ 
plement and other fources. Gen. Bing. 
MUR'RAY FRITH', a large bay of the German Sea, 
on the eaft coaft of Scotland, and north of the county of 
Murray, whence its name ; anciently JEJiuariurn Vavaris . 
MURRAY HAR'BOUR, a harbour on the eaft coalt 
of the ifland of St. John, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 
Lat. 46. N. Ion. 62. 20. W. 
MURRAY’S I'SLANDS, feveral fmall i(lands on the 
fouth-weft coaft of the county of Kircudbright, at the 
mouth of Fleet Bay : eleven or twelve miles north-north- 
eaft of Burrow Head. 
MURRA'YA, f. [from John Andrew Murray , juft no¬ 
ticed.] In botany, a genus of the clafs decandria, order 
monogynia, natural order aurantia, Juff. Generic cha- 
raders—Calyx: periantbium inferior, of one leaf, very 
fmall, cloven into five, linear, ered, roundiffi, remote, 
permanent, fegments. Corolla s bell-fliaped, of five lan¬ 
ceolate petals, fpreading at their tips ; nedary bell-(haped, 
fliort, inclofing the germen. Stamina ; filaments ten, awl- 
fliaped, the length ol the flower; antherae fome what oblong. 
Piltillum; germen fuperior, roundilh; ftyle tliread-ffiaped, 
angular. 
