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M U S 
MU'SA (Antonius), an eminent phyfician at Rome ill 
the time of Auguftus, was a native of Greece, firft of fer- 
vile condition, but afterwards, probably on account of 
his medical fkill, made a freedman. He fettled in Rome, 
where he rofe to fuch a degree of reputation that the em¬ 
peror Auguftus cliofe him for his phyfician. His cure of 
this prince after his life had been defpaired of is the cir- 
cumftance which lias rendered him famous. This he ap¬ 
pears to have eftefted by the ufe of cooling remedies, fuch 
as lettuces ; and likewife by fubftituting the cold to the 
•warm bath, which laft'had been employed without benefit'. 
For this fuccefs lie received a large pecuniary recompence, 
with the privilege of wearing a gold ring like the Roman 
knights. Suetonius further relates, that the joy and gra¬ 
titude of the people on this occalion was difplayed by 
railing a ftatue to the phyfician at the common expenfe, 
and placing it by the fide of that of Efculapius. It was 
natural that a remedy approved by fuch an example fhould 
become falhionable; and we learn from Horace that he 
himfelf, on Mufa’s authority, had renounced his ufual 
vifits to the warm baths of Baite, and ufed the cold bath 
in the midft of winter. It may eafily be credited that 
Mu fa extended too far the ufe of his favourite application ; 
and Dio affirms that it proved as hurtful to young Mar- 
celius as it had been falutary to Auguftus. This phy- 
liciar. was alio celebrated for his pharmaceutical Ikill, and 
many of his compofitions were popular in the age of Galen 
and Aetius. He wrote feveral works, none of which have 
come down to modern times. According to Pliny, Eu- 
pherbus, phyfician to Juba king of Mauritania, was his 
brother. 
MU'SACH, f. [Hebrew.] The cheft in the temple into 
which the kings put their offerings. Ajh. 
MUSAC'CHIA, a town of European Turkey, in Al¬ 
bania: thirty-fix miles fouth-fouth-eaft of Albafano. 
MUSAE'US, an ancient Greek poet, was, according to 
Plato and Diodorus Siculus, an Athenian, the Ion of 
Orpheus, and chief of the Eieufinian myfteries inftituted 
at Athens in honour of Ceres : or, according to others, 
he was only the difciple of Orpheus: but, from the great 
refemblance which there was between his charafter and 
talents and thofe of his mailer, by giving a ftronger out¬ 
line to the figure he was called his Jim, as thofe were ftyled 
the -children of Apollo who cultivated the arts of which he 
was the tutelar god. 
Mufteus is allowed to have been one of the firft poets 
who verfified the oracles. He is placed in the Arunde- 
Jian marbles, epoch 15. 1426 B.C. at which time his 
liymns are there faid to have been received in the celebra¬ 
tion of the Eieufinian myfteries. Laertius tells us, that 
Mufteus not only compofed a theogony, but formed a 
fpherefor the ufe of his companions; yet, as this honour 
is generally given to Chiron, it is more natural to fup- 
pol’e, with fir Ifaac Newton, that he enlarged it with the 
addition of feveral conftellations after the conqueft of the 
golden fleece. The fphere itfelf fhows that it was deli¬ 
neated after the Argonautic expedition, which is delcribed 
in the afteriftns, together with feveral other more ancient 
hiftories of the Greeks, and without any thing later; for 
the Ihip Argo was the firft long veflel which they had 
built: hitherto they had ufed round iliips of burthen, and 
kept within light of the Ihore ; but now, by the didftates 
of the oracle, and confent of the princes of Greece, the 
flower of that.country fail rapidly through the deep, and 
guide their {hips by the liars. 
Mufteus is celebrated by Virgil in the charadler of hie¬ 
rophant, or prieft of Ceres, at the head of the moll illuf- 
trious mortals who have merited a place in Elyfium. 
Here he is made the condudlor of ./Eneas to the recefs 
where he meets the lhade of his father Anchifes. 
A hill near the citadel of Athens was called Mufceum, 
according to Paufanias, from Mufteus, who ufed to retire 
thither to meditate and compofe his religious hymns ; at 
which place lie was afterwards buried. The works which 
went under his name, like thole of Orpheus, were by 
M U S 
many attributed to Onomacritus. Nothing remains of 
this poet now; nor were any of his writings extant in the 
time of Paufanias, except a hymn to Ceres, which he 
made for the Lycomides. And, as thefe hymns were like¬ 
wife fet to mulic, and fung in the myfteries by Mufteus 
himfelf in the character of prieft, he thence perhaps ac¬ 
quired from future times the title of mujician as well as 
poet ; the performance of facred mufic being probably at 
firft confined to the priefthood in thefe celebrations, as it 
had been before in Egypt, whence they originated. How- 
ever, he is not enumerated among ancient muficians by 
Plutarch; nor does it appear that he merited the title of 
Jim and Jucceffor to Orpheus for his mufical abilities, fo 
much as for his poetry, piety, and profound knowledge 
in religious myfteries. 
MUS/E'US, called the Grammarian, author of a Greek 
poem on “ The Loves of Hero and Leander,” is fuppofed 
to have lived as late as the fourth century, fince he is not 
referred to by any of the older fcholiafts, and forne of his 
verfes appear borrowed from the Dionyfiacs of Nonnius, 
Nothing is known of him perfonally; yet his work is in a 
pure and elegant ftyle, with much delicacy of lentiment. 
It has been frequently reprinted, both in colleilions and 
feparately. 
MUS-E'US (John Charles Auguftus), an ingenious 
German writer, was born in 1735 at Jena, where his father 
was provincial judge, but removed afterwards to Eife- 
nach, where he held the fame fituation. The fon, being of 
an open lively difpolition, ingratiated himfelf fo much 
with Wcilfenborn, fuperintendant at Alftadt, who was 
related to the family, that he took him under his protec¬ 
tion, and carried him with him to Eifenach, to which he 
went to be fuperintendant-general. Pie was then nine 
years old, and remained in the houfe of his benefadlor till 
he attained the age of nineteen. Having received an ex¬ 
cellent education under the care of this worthy friend, 
who treated him as his own fon, he lludied theology fome 
time at Jena, took his degree there as mailer, and, after 
being made a member of the German Society, returned 
to his parents, and lived fome years at Eifenach, as a 
candidate for the miniftry. About this time Richard- 
fon’s celebrated novel of Sir Charles Grandifon made a 
great noife in Germany; and, as it was read with uncom¬ 
mon avidity, Mufteus, in order to ridicule this prevailing 
tafte, publilhed, in the year 1760, a fatirical parody on 
that work, intidecl “ Grandifon the Second,” which was 
received with a confiderable degree of approbation. After 
this juvenile effay, Mufteus laid afide his pen fcr fome 
time, and in 1763 he was tutor to the pages at the court 
of Weimar, and was afterwards profeffor, for feven years, 
in the gymnafium. In order to improve his fmall income, 
he gave lelfons in hillory and other branches of know¬ 
ledge to young gentlemen and ladies of diftindlion ; and, 
during the firft fix or eight years of his wedded Hate, took 
into his houfe alfo boarders, whom he educated. At 
length, after along interval, he again appeared as a writer, 
and applied the ialh of fatire with ftill more feverity to 
the fcience of phyfiognomy, the abule and mifapplication 
of which he doubtlefs contributed to reftrain. This work 
was read with great avidity; and, as the author now dif- 
clofed his name, which modefty and diffidence had before 
induced him to conceal, he attained all at once to great 
celebrity. People hurried from all quarters to fee the 
famed Mufteus, and to pay him the tribute of their ad¬ 
miration. He, however, poftefled too much good fenfe to 
be intoxicated by the praife bellowed upon his talents; 
and, as the father of a family, was fatisfied with having 
found the means of improving his fmall income. As the 
way was now opened to the field of literature, he con¬ 
ceived the idea of writing “ Popular Tales of the Ger¬ 
mans,” which he compofed in the fame original manner. 
He fometimes, it is faid, collected a number of old women 
with their fpinning-wheels, placed himfelf in the middle 
of them, and cauied them to relate to him old ftories, 
which he afterwards clothed in io agreeable a drefs. He 
often 
