M U S C A. 
255 
fteflian fly, that had done To much injury in America. 
An account “of this infeft has been given by Mr. Mark- 
wick in the Linnaean Tranfaftions, voi. ii. p. 76. but the 
firft delcription of it, and of the mifchief caufed by it, 
was given in the Tran factions of the Royal Academy of 
Sciences at Stockholm for the year 1778, by M. Bjarkan- 
der, who difcovered it on the your.g Ihoots of rye early in 
the fpring, and in fuch quantities, that in fome fields he 
found three or four (talks affected in a fquare foot. See 
the Plate, fig. 6, 7. 
19. Mufca lepra;: (hining black; antennas, and legs 
white ; eyes reddilh gold. It inhabits America. It breeds 
in the legs of the natives who are afflifted with the ele- 
phantiafis ; and is fmaller than a loufe. 
20. Mufca putris: black; wings white, with a black 
rib. It inhabits Europe. The larvae of this fly are the 
maggots found in decayed cheefe, bacon, &c. well known 
in common language by the name of hoppers, and cheefe- 
worms. In this l’pecies the nerves are diftribufed in a 
very curious manner. The brain is fituated immediately 
above the origin of the oefophagus, behind the head ; it 
is very large in proportion to the reft of the body; it is 
abounded pofteriorly, and notched anteriorly, as if it were 
formed of two lobes. A pair of nerves arife from the an¬ 
terior part of the brain, proceed forward, and are diftri- 
buted to the mouth, and even to the parietes of that cavity. 
It fliOuld be remarked, that thefe nerves experience a very 
confpicuous enlargement previoufly to their diftribution. 
Pofteriorly the brain prefents an aperture, which affords a 
palfage for the oefophagus : the nervous part, fituated on 
its fides, may be regarded as the chords which produce 
the medulla, and all below' the oefophagus as the medulla 
itfelf. Two pairs of nerves arife from the origin of the 
nervous medulla; thefe are directed forward, and prin¬ 
cipally diftribufed 'to the vifcera, and to fome of the mul- 
cles of the anterior rings. The third pair of nerves which 
this medulla produces is the molt remarkable : it comes 
from the part which nearly correfponds to the third gan¬ 
glion ; we fay nearly, becaufe in this in (eft the ganglia are 
lo clofe to one another, that the medulla feems to form 
only one piece, on the furface of which we merely perceive 
twelve tranfverfe wrinkles, which indicate the number of 
ganglia. This third pair extends almoft tra-nfverfely. 
At a certain diftance from its leparation it (wells into a 
ganglion, and then divides into feveral filaments; thefe 
are the ganglia which Swammerdam fuppofes are intended 
for the mufcles of the wings, when they (hall exift in the 
perfeft in left. 
21. Mu(ca aterrima: fiiky black ; wings white, with a 
double black rib half-way down ; legs long, comprefied. 
Inhabits France; and is of the fize of the M. putris. 
22. Mufca cupraria ; body glaucous bronze; thorax 
green ; abdomen coppery; hence its fpecific name ; poifers 
naked. This is an European infeft. The legs are black, 
fometimes yellow. 
23. Mufca aurata : thorax polifned, brafly or greenifii; 
abdomen poliflied, obtule, browni(h-gold. Inhabits Eu¬ 
rope. The head is black; fegments of the abdomen 
blackifh ; wings dufky. 
24. Muica aenea: (hining green bronze; head and legs 
teftaceous. Found in the Eaft Indies. 
25. Mufca'polita : polifhed ; thorax blue; abdomen 
brafly ; poifers and legs yellow. Inhabits Europe. 
26. Mu(ca viduata: black bronze; abdomen brafly; 
fcales of the poifers fringed. Inhabits Europe; chiefly 
found in gardens. 
27. Mufca fafciata : teftaceous, with a black abdomen ; 
wings brown at the tip, with a white band; legs long. 
It is found in the American iflands; the body is very nar¬ 
row. There is a variety of this fpecies, that has its head 
and thorax black. 
28. Mufca petronella : livid ; front red ; legs long, tefta¬ 
ceous, with black joints. Found on the furface of waters 
in Europe. 
29. Mufca cylindrica: glofly black j head globular, with 
teftaceous eyes; legs long and yellowifti. It is found 
chiefly in Germany. The antennae of this fpecies are 
(mall, teftaceous, with a black hair; thorax naked and 
thin ; abdomen ovate, with teftaceous fpots beneath, at 
the bafe ; wings white. 
30. Mu® filiformis : body filiform, black ; head ovate 
with redoes*; legs very long and teftaceous. Found in 
Germany. In drape it is very long and narrow. 
31. Mufca tipularia: body long and black; head and 
legs teftaceous; wings tipt with brown. Found on the 
African continent, particularly in Barbary. The head is 
pale, with a fcarlet crown. 
32. Mufca petiolata : hairy and black ; abdomen com- 
prefled; wings black. It is found in Cayenne. The 
head of this infeft is black, with a white mouth, and 
reddifli eyes; poifers fnowy, abdomen long and black; 
the fegments a little whitiih at the edges; the legs are 
black. 
33. Mufca elongata: teftaceous; legs long, hindlhanks 
black, the ends whitiih. It inhabits Sierra Leona. In 
this fpecies the eyes are large and brown ; and the wings 
hyaline. 
34. Mufca longipes : black ; wings brown, with a white 
band at the bafe, and dots; the legs are long, and tefta¬ 
ceous. This is found in Cayenne. 
35. Mufca curfitans : black, with long pale legs; wings 
incumbent, white. It is found in many parts of this 
country, on trees and walls; refembles a Cirnex, and runs 
with great velocity. 
36. Mufca cimicoides: black; wings incumbent, white, 
with two black bands. It inhabits Denmark; is found 
about trees ; and, as the laft, is very like a Cimex. The 
laft ten fpecies are diftinguilhed from the reft by a glo¬ 
bular bead, with prominent rounded eyes, and a linear 
body with long legs. 
37. Mufca pallipes: (hiningbronze; abdomen with two 
yellowifti dots at the bafe; legs yellowifli. It inhabits 
Germany; and is very final). 
38. Mufca ungulata: brafly green; tail booked; legs 
long and livid. It is found in many parts of Europe, 
about waters. 
39. Muica nobilitata; brafly green ; tail hooked; wings 
with a black fpot tipt with white. Found in Europe, in 
gardens, 
40. Mufca equeftris : brafly green ; abdomen with five 
black bands; tail hooked; wings white; with a brown 
fpot. This is found in Brafil. Sir Jofeph Banks has a 
fpecimen of it in his mufeum. 
41. Mufca cinfta: cinereous; head and legs teftaceous; 
wings clouded with a black rib. It inhabits Denmark. 
This is delineated at fig. 8. 
42. Mufca clavata: teftaceous; abdomen brown, the 
fegments are pale at the bafe, and terminated by a cla- 
vate ftyle. The antennae and thorax are hairy; the Wings 
are large and yellowifti. See fig. 9. 
43. Mufca difcoidea : black ; wings with white dots 
and marginal lines; head and legs teftaceous. It inha¬ 
bits Denmark, and is a large infeft. The eyes, thorax, 
and abdomen, of this fly, are black and immaculate. 
44. Muica umbrarum : cinereous ; the abdomen 
marked with black bands; wings brown fpotted with 
white. It inhabits many parts of Europe ; and is found 
among flowers. 
45. Mufca vibrans : wings hyaline, tipt with black; 
the head is red. It inhabits Europe ; and is continually 
agitating its wings. 
46. Mufca punftum: wings with a black lateral dot at 
the tip ; abdomen bronzed. It inhabits France, in moilt 
(liady places. 
47. Mufca cynipfea: wings with a lateral black dot at 
the tip ; abdomen cylindrical. It inhabits Europe; and 
yields a fragrant (Inell. 
48. Mufca grolfificationis : deep black; wings bluifli, 
tipt with white. Is common in (hrubberies, in many 
parts of Europe, 
49 . Mufca 
