262 
M U S C I C A P A. 
duflcy, with a few hairs at the bale ; plumage above dark 
brown, the feathers edged with yellowilh brown ; the q uills 
and tail have whitith edges; the under parts are all whitilh, 
with a ferruginous tinge on the breaft ; legs duiky. 
| 3 . A variety of this bird has a tinge of green on the 
upper parts ; the breaft olive brown, the belly yellow, and 
the quills fringed with reddilh yellow. Both found at 
Cayenne. 
12. Mufcicapaaurantia, theorang-e-breafted fly-catcher: 
length four inches and three quarters : bill flat and broad; 
colour duiky; the head and hind part of the neck are 
greenilh brown ; the back rufous, with a tinge of green; 
tail rufous; quills black, edged with rufous ; under parts 
of the body white, except the breaft, which is of a pale 
orange-colour; legs pale. Native of Cayenne, where it 
frequents the Ikirts of the woods, and the favannas. It 
is a fcarce fpecies. 
13 Mufcicapacoronata, the crowned fly-catcher: length 
five inches and a half: bill brown ; the head is furnilhed 
with a remarkable rounded coronet or creft, not unlike 
that of the rock-manakin, and ending in the nape ; the 
creft, (ides of the head, and all the under parts, are of a 
molt beautiful crimfom ; the reft of the body, wings, and 
tail, brown; the quills have grey edges ; legs reddifli. The 
female has no creft: the colours much lighter; and,in- 
ftead of the crimfon, thofe parts which are fo in the male, 
are only tinged with that colour. Thefe inhabit the bor¬ 
ders of the Amazons’ river, in South America, and are 
known there by the name of putillas. 
14. Mufcicapa refefcens, the rufous fly-catcher : fize of 
a lioufe-fparrow ; bill flout, ftiort, and duiky; the upper 
parts of the body are of a rufous colour; quills black; 
on the top of the head is a fpot of brown ; the under parts 
white, with a tinge of rufous; legs duiky. 
15. Mufcicapa cinerea, the rufous-bellied fly-catcher: 
length eight inches and a quarter : bill more than an inch 
and a quarter long, the upper mandible duiky, the under 
grey ; the head, hind part and fldes of the neck, deep alh- 
colour; the feathers on the crown have dark fliafts, thofe 
of the back rufous browm; throat and fore part of the 
neck alh-colour, margined with whitifh ; rump, upper 
tail-coverts, and breaft, bright rufous ; from thence to 
the vent the fame, but paler; wings edged with rufous 
browm ; tail bright rufous; legs brown. Native of 
Cayenne. 
16. Mufcicapa pygmaea, the pigmy fly-catcher : a very 
minute fpecies, meafuring fcarceiy three inches in length. 
The bill is long in proportion, a little curved at the point, 
and duiky; the head, and hind part of the neck, rufous, 
fpotted with black ; the back and wing-coverts deep alh- 
colour, with greenilh edges; wings black, edged with 
grey; all the under parts ftraw-colour; tail Ihort, and 
black; the fcapulars and rump are of a pale alh-colour; 
under the eye a pale ftreak ; legs flelh-colour. Inhabits 
Cayenne. 
17. Mufcicapa minuta, the minute fly-catcher: fmaller 
than the golden-crefted wren: the plumage is deep olive 
grey, with a greenilh tinge on the upper part of the back 
and belly; the wings are blackilh, ftreaked with yellowilh 
white. 
Both thefe minute fpecies are found in various parts of 
South America, which abounds with the greateft variety 
of this genus, as a proper check to the myriads of infeCts, 
the pelt of thofe parts. 
18. Mufcicapa minuta Africana, the fmall African fly¬ 
catcher. This pretty fly-catcher is the fmalleft of the 
genus, at leaft in Africa; it feems to forma connecting 
link between the fig-eaters and the fly-catchers ; thetarfus 
is longer than in the latter, and thus approaches the 
former; but the bill is more triangular and flat, and the 
mandibles are furnilhed with hairs like the reft of the fly¬ 
catchers. The prefent fpecies is extremely nimble in pur- 
fuing flies and 1‘warms of gnats ; but in the heat of the 
day, when the fiie 3 are at reft, they feek their prey in the 
trees, and feed upon moths, fpiders, and any inledts they 
can find. The male is betrayed among the leaves by s 
littlecry, zizizit; but is not ealily diftinguilhed on account 
of his agility and fmall fize, being not larger than our 
fmall long-tailed titmoufe, which he refembles in fliape. 
The tail is tapered, white at the ftdes, black in the middle. 
The firft of the great wing-quills are black, the laft partly 
white, which is the colour of the great coverts and part 
of the fmall. The eye is of a fine red brown, the effeCt of 
which is heightened by a large black fpot, which from 
the corner of the mouth runs acrofs the eye quite to the 
ear; this black fpot joins on one fide to a llripe of white 
which runs over the eye; and on the other to the throat, 
which is white, as are all the feathers which cover the 
fternum, the belly, and under part of the tail. There is a 
fmall ftripe of red in the middle of the throat, and another 
under the belly; they look like blood ifluing from a 
wound, and more fo when you move back the feathers, 
as the under feathers are redder. The reft of the plu¬ 
mage is of a bluilh grey; the bill and toes are black, the 
feet brown. The female differs in the faintnefs of her 
colours, her inferior fize, her tail which is fliorter; and 
the red ftripes we juft mentioned are not at all apparent 
till the feathers on thofe parts of the throat and fternum 
are removed. This fpecies inhabits Caffraria; but more 
plentifully among the Great Namaquois, and efpecially 
about the Great or Orange River. Vaillant had not the 
good fortune to meet with a neft of this fpecies; the la¬ 
vages informed him that they nefted in the thickets, and 
that their eggs were white. 
19.. Mufcicapa parus, the oranor. This is a beautiful 
fpecies, not African, but in many particulars like the 
preceding; the tail, however, is much more tapered, all 
the feathers differing in length except the four middle 
ones, which are alike and longeft. This was fent from 
Ceylon to M. Vaillant, by M. Temminck, calliier to the 
Dutch India Company. Its habits and manners are not 
known ; but, from its limilarity in many refpeCts with the 
preceding, there is little doubt but its way of life is 
limilar alfo. The oranor is larger than the fmall African 
fly-catcher, being nearly the fize of our goldfinch ; but the 
tail is as long as the body. The head, throat, back of 
the neck, fcapulai - 9 , and mantle, are black with a glofs 
of bluilh grey. The four mid-quills of the tail are black; 
fo are the wings, but with an orange-coloured fpot. The 
lower part of the neck, breaft, belly, and under tail-co¬ 
verts, are of a beautiful red, with a few dalhes of a darker 
red; the rump, the lateral tail-feathers, and upper coverts, 
are red alfo; but, as the down and under parts of thefe 
feathers are white, this colour foftens the red when the 
feathers are difplaced or any way agitated. The bill, feet, 
and nails, are dark brown; the colour of the eyes not 
known. The female is about the fize of the male; indeed 
it appeared rather larger; but, as Vaillant had only ftuffed 
birds to judge from, it was impoflible to tell, fince much 
depends upon the preparation ; and no one muft pretend 
to l’peak decifively as to proportions unlefs he has the per¬ 
fect birds before him. As for the colours, they are fuf- 
ficient to diftinguilh the female at firft fight from the male. 
The head, back of the neck, mantle, fcapulars, and back, 
are greyilh, inftead of black; the forehead is white, or 
very faintly red ; the tail is fliorter, but tapered in the 
fame manner, and the lateral feather a fainter red; the 
rump, and upper tail-coverts, are as bright as in the male ; 
the fpot on the wing is of a very faint orange ; the throat, 
neck, and all the under parts of the body, ftill faintar. 
The feet and legs are light brown; the four mid-quills of 
the tail are black, as in the male. After all, Vaillant can¬ 
not fay politively whether this fpecimen, which he has 
deferibed as a female, may not be a young male. This 
fpecies bears fome refemblance to the M. ruticilla, N° 27. 
by Bufton called petit noir aurore: but this laft is much 
ffnaller than the oranor, and its tail is not tapered. An¬ 
other bird which it greatly refembles in colour, is the 
Parus Malabaricus, or Malabar titmoufe, firft made known 
by Sonnerat, tom, ii. 204. but very imperfectly deferibed 
