M U S 
motions, together with thofe which they caufe in the 
larynx and mouth, produce the voice and fpeech. They 
direct the eyes towards furrounding objects, and elevate 
or deprefs the lids: they open or dole the mouth and 
nofe. They are the agents of fucking, chewing, and 
I'wallowing; and are effentially concerned in copulation 
and parturition, in expelling the urine and faeces, See. 
Some motions are not executed by mufcles : the e'laf- 
ticity of a cartilage, for inftance, may re ft ore it after it 
lias been moved out of its natural ftate. It is ftill a con¬ 
troverted point whether the arteries are mufcular; and 
the veins certainly are not. Similar doubts exift concern¬ 
ing the iris. We can deteft no mufcular fibres in the 
Fallopian tubes, nor in the excretory canals of the glands. 
The motions of exhalation, fecretion, abforption, and nu¬ 
trition, are for the moft part imperceptible to us; and the 
minutenefs of the organs, in which they are performed, 
conceals them altogether from our refearches : we have, 
therefore, no grounds for believing that they are executed 
by mufcles. 
According to the preceding view, we may ftate that the 
perceptible motions (excepting thofe of the iris and the „ 
large abforbing vefl'els) are performed by that kind of 
ftrudure which we call mufcle ; while the movements, 
which efcape our obfervation, are executed in a manner, 
of t which we may rather fay we are ignorant, than that it 
is not effeded by the medium of mufcular ftrudure. See 
die article Anatomy, vol. 3 . p. 527, 530, 561-579. 
MUS'CLE, j. A bivalve ftiell-fifh. See the article My- 
Tilus. —It is the obfervation of Ariftotle, that oyfters 
and mufcles grow fuller in the waxing of the moon. Hake- 
will on Providence. — MnJ'clcs, where they can be collected 
in large quantities, may be made ufe of as an excellent 
manure, either alone or in the ftate of compoft with 
earthy fubftances. They were formerly much employed 
on the fea-coafts of Lancalhire, but have lately been on the 
decline. Chambers. 
MUSCLE BANK', a filhing bank on the eaft coaft of 
Newfoundland. 
MUSCLE BAT, a bay on the north-eaft coaft of an 
ifland in the Straits of Magellan: eight miles weft of Paf- 
jfage Point. 
MUSCLE BA'Y, or Baha'i Formo'sa, a bay of the 
Indian Sea, on the coaft of Africa. In it is a fmall ifland 
or rock, and fome brackifh fprings and rivers. It is the 
beft of all the bays hereabouts, but not to be made ufe of 
except in cafe of neceflity, becaufe the fouth-eaft and 
fouth-weft winds make a great fea. Lat. 35.. 10. S. Ion. 
22. 40. E. 
MUSCLE BA'Y, or Messilo'nes, a bay on the coaft 
of Peru. Lat. 21. 40. S. 
MUSCLE CANAL', a ftrait leading into Carter’s Bay, 
on the north-weft coaft of America. Carter's Bay was fo 
called by Capt. Vancouver, in memory of afeaman of that 
name who w'as poifoned there by eating mufcles. Lat. 
52. 48. N. Ion. 231.42. E. 
MUSCLE SHO'ALS, fliallow parts of the Tennaflee 
River, 250 miles from its mouth. They extend twenty- 
five miles, and derive their name from the number of foft 
flrells found there. 
MUS'CLING, J'. in painting, a proper exprefling of the 
mufcles.—A good piece, the painters fay, muft have a 
good mufelivg, as well as colouring. Shaftejbury. 
MUS'CO, a town of South America, in the viceroyalty 
of New Grenada: feventy miles north of Santa Fe de 
Bogota. Lat. 5. 16. N. Ion. 73. 30. W. 
MUSCO-FUN'GUS, f. in botany. See Lichen and 
Tremella. 
MUSCOI'DES. See Mnium and Jungermannia. 
MUSCONETCUN'CK, a river of New Jerfey, which 
runs into the Delaware fix miles fouth of Philipiburgh in 
Jat. 40. 34. N. Ion. 75. 14. W. 
MUSCONISI, or Miosconisi, two fmall iflands in the 
gulf of Adramytti, near the coaft of Natolia; fifteen 
Vol. XVI. No. mo. 
M U S 273 
miles fouth-foutb-weft of Adramytti. Lat. 39. 40. N. 
ldn.26.44. E. 
MUS'COSE, adj. [ mufeofus , Lat.] Mofiy. 
MUSCO'SENESS, f. The ftate of being mofl’y. 
MUSCOS'ITY, /.’ The ftate of being overrun with 
mofs; moflinefs. 
MUS'COUS, adj. Molly. 
MUSCOVA'DO, f. Sugar that has been cured in the 
Weft Indies. It is the raw material from which the Bri- 
tifti fugar-bakers chiefly make their loaf, or refined lump. 
See Sugar. 
MUS COVITE, f. A native ofMufcovy. 
MUS'COVY. See Russia. 
MUSCOVY GLASS', or Glim'mer. See the article 
Mica, vol. xv. p. 316. 
MUS'CULAR, adj. Relating to the mufcles ; performed 
by the mufcles.—-By the mufcular motion and perpetual 
flux of the liquids, a great part of the liquids are thrown 
out of the body. Arbuthnot. 
MUSCULARITY, f The ftate of having mufcles.— 
The guts of a fturgeon, taken out and cut to pieces, will 
ftil! move, which may depend upon their great thicknefs 
and mnfcularity. Grew. 
MUS'CULATED, adj. Having mufcles ; confiding of 
mufcles. 
MUS'CULOUS, adj. Full of mufcles; brawny.—They 
are mufculous and ftrong, beyond what their fize gives 
reafon for expecting. Johnfun s Journ. Weft. I/lands. —Per¬ 
taining to a mufcle.—The uvea has a mufculous power, 
and can dilate and contraft that round hole, called the 
pupil of the eye, for the better moderating the tranfmif- 
fion of light. More. 
MUS'CULUS, J\ A military machine, made ufe of by 
the Romans to cover and protedl the foldiers while they 
approached and undermined the walls of befieged places, 
or filled the ditches. It feems to have refembled the tef- 
tudo in form, but was fmaller in fize. See Artillery, 
vol. ii. 
MUS'CULUS (Andrew), a German Lutheran divine 
and profeflor in the fixteenth century, was born at 
Schneberg in Mifnia, but in what year we are not told. 
He was appointed to fill the theological chair at Frank¬ 
fort upon the Oder; made fuperintendent-general of the 
churches.in the March of Brandenburg; and died in the 
year 1580. He was the author of a great number of 
books, which difplay learning, genius, and eloquence, 
but united with an abundant portion of confident and 
afiuming pretenfions, paradoxical hypothefes, and abfurd 
if not impious notions. He maintained the dodtrine of the 
ubiquity ; and affirmed, “ that the afeenfion of Chrift into 
heaven was nothing more than the vanifhing or difap- 
pearing of the body of Chrift in thofe clouds where it 
yet remains to this day, though not in that vifible man¬ 
ner and form, nor with the fort of converfation which 
he ufed with his difciples before his death and afeen¬ 
fion;” and afterw'ards he faid, “ that this afeenfion was 
not performed by any phyfical motion, or change of 
place,” See. He publifhed a book to prove, that it is by 
no means neceflary that the glorious body of Jefus Chrift 
lliould phyfieally fill up any lpace. In one of his fermons 
he declared, that they who taught that Jefus Chrift died 
only as to his human nature, belonged to the devil, both 
body and foul; and that the orthodox doctrine is, that 
he died both as to his human and divine nature. He 
perfuaded himfelf that fome predictions in the feriptures 
indicated great revolutions which fliould lpeedily take 
place in Germany, and that the end of the world was 
near at hand; and he wrote upon thefe fubjeCts with the 
aflurance of one who pretended to have a key to all the 
prophecies of the Old and New' Teftament. Bayle, 
MUS'CULUS (Wolfgang), one of the moft celebrated 
German Lutheran divines, was born at Dieuze in Lor- 
rain, in the year 1479. His father, who was a cooper by 
trade, finding that at a very early age he difeovered a 
4 A predominant 
