MUSIC. 
3SD 
cttccitt, or " hunting-horn,” is at the head of the horn- 
family. . 
The horn and trumpet have fimilar fcales. The gene¬ 
rator, or key-note, is the found of the whole tube, which 
hoSvever is never ufed; the founds confiding entirely of 
the harmonics, or notes produced by the aliquot parts ot 
the tube, which are the fame as thole produced by the 
fimilar parts of a (tring, as given in p. 323. Thus, fup- 
poling the generator to be C, 
\ the length of the tube will give the oftave, or 
a will give the 12th, or 5th above the preceding 
-the 15th, or 4th above the laft 
-the 17th, or major 3d above 
-tjie 19th, or minor third above 
-the 21ft, or minor third above 
-the 22d, or 2d above 
-the 23d, or 2d above 
-the 24th, or 2d above 
-the 25th, or minor 2d above 
-the 26th, or major 2d above 
-the 27th, or 2d above 
Thefe intervals are exprelfed in notes as below; but, 
as the horn-part is generally written an oCtave higher 
than it is intended to be performed, (namely in the real 
notes of the trumpet,) the following Example will be fuf- 
ficient to Ihow the fcale of both : 
± , 
s 
x , 
6 
* 
1 , 
X 
, t 
9 
1 
To 
I 
II 
1 2 
c. 
G. 
C. 
E. 
G. 
Bb. 
C. 
D. 
E. 
F. 
G. 
A. 
Harmonics of the French Morn. 
Written thus, as for the Trumpet. 
saiiiipgli 
Other notes have beeninferted by refpe&able compofers; 
but even the above are not all perfeCf, as thole marked * 
are out of tune on the common horn and trumpet. 
We have given the fcale only for the key of C ; but, by 
the ufe of crooks, the horn is enabled to play alfo in the 
key of G, A, Bb, D, Eb, E, and F. But all themufic for 
the horn is ufually written as above, in the key of C, fpe- 
•cifying at the beginning of the movement what the key is, 
as C, D, G, Eb, &c. and the performer puts on the pro¬ 
per crooks accordingly. At fig. 6 is a French horn with 
all its crooks. 
The French horn is an admirable inftrument in the 
field or theatre ; and, when the compofer is careful not to 
dwell on the fourth or fixth of the key, which are natu¬ 
rally falfe, and the performer has a nice ear, neverover¬ 
blowing or foijcing the tone, its efteCl, in full pieces, is 
magnificent and grateful. By means of the hand inferted 
in the tube, the chromatic fcale is obtained in one oflave; 
the only regular feries of founds with which either the 
horn or trumpet is furnilhed. There have been, and 
there are now, players on the inftrument, who can pro¬ 
duce all the half-notes, and perform in all keys, major 
and minor; but the artificial notes, like thole of the 
..voice in falfet, are inferior to the natural, lei's fonorous, 
and feem to be produced with difficulty. 
The bugle-horn, and indeed every iimple tube, mull 
have a fcale fimilar to the horn and trumpet. Its gene¬ 
rator is generally an o&ave higher than that of the trum¬ 
pet ; but it can feldom produce more than the five firft 
But the bugle- 
harmonics ; viz,| 
horn is now made 
_ “ with holes and 
keys; and we are told that the 15th regiment has a band 
formed of bugles only. 
The modern cornet, not very different probably from 
the ancient, (feep. 349.) is a coarfe inftrument called in 
France boiiquih, orgeat’s horn, ufed by the cow-keepers 
to call the cattle together at milking and foddering time. 
But an inftrument called a cornet was formerly ufed in 
the orcheitras in Italy, under the name of cornetto and 
cornettino; and the performers on it are frequently men¬ 
tioned with praife during the fixteenth and feventeenth 
• centuries. Artufi, an intelligent writer on mulic, in his 
Vo:.. XVI. No. 1120. 
treatife Delia hnperfettione rlella Moderna Mufca, gives a 
curious account of the ftate of inftrumental mulic in his 
time. In deferibing a grand concert that was made by 
the nuns of a convent at Ferrara in 1598, on occafion of 
a double wedding, between Philip III. king of Spain 
with Margaret of Auftria, and the archduke Albert with 
the infanta Ifabella, the king’s lifter, he enumerates the 
feveral inftruments that were employed, and points out 
their excellencies and defeCts : among thefe, though the 
violin is juft mentioned, yet nothing is laid of its pro¬ 
perties; while the cornet, trumpet, viol, double-harp, 
lute, flute, and harpfichord, are honoured with particu¬ 
lar remarks, both on their conftruCtion and ufe; bu-t 
among thefe, the cornet, which has long been fupplanted 
in the favour of the public by the hautbois, feems to have 
Hood the highell: in the author’s eftimation. The elder 
Doni, in his dialogue written about fifty years before, 
mentions the cornet more frequently than any other in¬ 
ftrument: “ II divino Antonio da cornetto, perfettilfimo 
—et M. Battifta dal Fondaro con il fuo cornetto ancora ; 
che lo fuona miracolofamente.” 
In the TranfaCtions of the Royal Iri111 Academy for 
1788, we have an account of three metal trumpets (from 
their lhape we lhould call them horns) which had been 
dug up a Ihort time before. Thefe inftruments were 
found by a peafimt cutting turf in the bog of Carrick- 
O’Gunnell, county of Limeric, in the month of May, 
1787, and by him fold to a brazier in the city of Limeric, 
who referved them for the prefent poffelfor, (Ralph Oule- 
ley, efq. M.R.I.A. who fent the defeription to the So¬ 
ciety.) “ They are of a rich mixed metal, neither copper 
norbrafs, but inclining rather to a copper colour. They 
refemble ftrongly thofe defcribed in Walker’s Hiftorical 
Memoirs of the Irilh Bards, (p. 109. Appendix,) except 
in the middle piece, which differs from any I ever heard 
of, and is, I believe, an unique. This tube is 23^% inches 
long, of one entire piece, and has a loop in the centre to 
run a cord through : at each end it has four holes, cor- 
refponding to four in each trumpet, through which two 
pins, or pegs, taftened the inftrument. Both trumpets 
were fixed on the middle piece like the joints of a German 
flute, when firft found, and very firm with ruft and dirt, 
but the pins were loft. I lhould imagine this tube was 
only to hang them up by. Dr. Filher (a celebrated per¬ 
former on the violin, and doftor of mulic in the univer- 
fity of Oxford), who faw them with me in Limeric, con¬ 
jectures that the two inftruments thus connected by the 
tube, are firft and J'econd. The mouth or large end of 
the biggelt is 4^ inches diameter, being one inch wider 
than the others. The third inftrument, which was found 
leparate, is laid to be the Jioc or Jluic, a fort of lpeaking- 
trumpet defcribed by Col. Vallancey in the ColleCtanea, 
No. XIII. and in Hiftorical Memoirs of Irilh Bards, p. 83. 
The mouth-hole is oval, if inches long by ij wide; and 
the third, of which we are fpeaking, has a mouth-piece, 
like that of a French horn, fixed to it, but the others 
have not. They are all ornamented with little conical 
teats, or projections, at each end; viz. four at the fmall 
and fix at the large ends, and four near each extremity of 
the middle piece. They have alfo four holes at the wide 
ends, as if fome other tube was to be faftened occalion- 
ally within them, perhaps in the manner of lord Drog¬ 
heda’s, defcribed by colonel Vallancey.” They are of 
different curvatures : the largeft, which we lhould call 
the bal's-horn, is moft bent,aline drawn from the large to 
the fmall extremity meafuring 9! inches-; that of the 
other, connected with it by the tube, makes a chord of 12 
inches; and the third, or leparate one, a chord of 
inches. The weight of the three inftruments and tlie 
connecting tube is 91b. u|-oz. 
The Trumpet. —The word trumpet is formed from 
the Greek rpo^£o;, in Latin turbo, a lhell anciently ufed 
for a trumpet. It is ufually made of brafs, fometimes of 
filver, iron, tin, and even wood. As to the invention of 
the trumpet, fome Greek hiftorians aferibe it to the Tyr¬ 
rhenians ; but others, with greater probability, to the 
5 G Egyptians, 
