M Y C 
fewer leaves roundilh and hirfute ; they are more nume¬ 
rous, and it has feveral on the Hems. Another, with 
the root-leaves fertile, lanceolate, toothed, thick, grey 
from the quantity of hairs that cover it, and having, feme 
refemblance to the Draba alpina of Linnaeus. Native of 
of the mountains of France, Italy, Aullria, and Swifler- 
land. Introduced in 1775, by Drs. Pitcairn and Fother- 
gill: it flowers in June and July. 
10. Myagrum AEgyptium, or Egyptian gold of plea- 
fure : Clicks angular ; leaves three-parted. Stem divari¬ 
cated, with rod-like racemes. Flowers yellow'. It has 
the. appearance of Bunias cakile. Found in Egypt by 
Haflelquilts. 
Propagation and Culture. If the feeds of tliefe plants 
are permitted to fcatter in the autumn, the plants will 
rife without any care, and only require to be thinned and 
kept clean, Thefe autumnal plants will always ripen 
their feeds, whereas thole which are fawn in the fpring, 
fometimes fail. See An.astatica, Crambe, Erysimum, 
and Safqnaria. 
MYAPOU'R, a town of Bengal: Cxty-flve miles north- 
weft of Ramgur. 
MY'AS, a town of Africa, in the country of Sennaar: 
eighty miles fouth-feuth-eaft of Sennaar. 
MYC'ALE, in ancient geography, a mountain of Ionia, 
on the fea-coaft, at a fmall diftance north of the mouth of 
the Meander. It formed a promontory over-again ft the 
Me of Samos. It was the higheft mountain on the coaft ; 
covered with wood and abounding with fallow deer. 
Here was alfo a town of the lame name ; and near it was a 
temple appropriated, as it has been laid, to the furies. 
MYCALES'SUS, a town in the eaftern part of Bceotia, 
between Schemis to the weft and Aulis tg the eaft. In 
the time of Paufanius the ruins of this town remained 5 
and on the coaft of the lea was a temple of Ceres My- 
caleffia. 
MYGEMA'TIAS, f. [from the Gr. p.vx.y)p.a., a bellow¬ 
ing.] A kind of earthquake with a hollow grumbling 
noife. 
MYCE'NAE, in ancient geography, a town of Greece, 
in the ancient kingdom of Argos, or Argolis, which, in 
procefs of time, became the feat of the kingdom, and is 
celebrated by Homer for its riches, as its rival Argos was 
for its horfes. Some historians have afcribed the repara¬ 
tion of the kingdom of Myeense from that of Argos to 
Acrifms, who was its firft king, and who began his reign 
in the year 1344. B.C. whilll others fay, that his fen Perfeus, 
who fucceeded him in the year 1313 B. C. built the city of 
Myeense, and founded the kingdom. The fifth king of 
this feparate ftate was Agamemnon, who began his reign 
in the year 1201 B. C. and reigned eighteen years. He was 
reckoned at that time the wealthiest and molt powerful po¬ 
tentate in all Greece. This king, after the deftruftion of 
Troy, having encountered feveral difafters, arrived at laft 
at Mycenae, where he was murdered by hiscoulin AEgifthus 
and his wife Clytemneftra. AEgifthus feized upon the 
kingdom 1183 B. C. and, after a reign of feven years, was 
murdered by Orelies, Agamemnon’s fon, and fucceeded 
by him 1176 B.C. Oreltes was fucceeded by AEgyptus, or 
rather AEpytus, who gained the kingdom in 1106 B.C. 
and by his .liberality engaged the affeftions both of the 
nobles and the people; but this liberality proved ulti¬ 
mately fatal to the regal dignity; the fubjefts grew daily 
more and.more encroaching, and the kings more tenaci¬ 
ous of their prerogative, till the conteft ended in the ex¬ 
tinction of monarchy, and a total change of government. 
The tomb, treafury, or temple, of Agamemnon, which 
ftill exifts, probably in the ftate in which it was left by the 
Argians after the deftruftion of the city in the 78th Olym¬ 
piad, 460 years B.C. deferves particular notice, as this 
edifice is perhaps the molt Angular in Greece, and on ac¬ 
count of the ftate of. prefervation in which it ftill exifts, 
being entire as to the building, though defpoiled of its 
internal decorations : Paufanias fays, that snvy on the 
part of the Argians, Jsecaufe the inhabitants of Mycenae. 
M Y C 431 
fliared’with the Lacedaemonians the glory of Thermopyla;, 
was the occalion of its deftruftion. The nature and defti- 
nation of the above-mentioned edifice is doubtful. Pau¬ 
fanius lays, that the tomb of Agamemnon, erefted about 
1200 years B. C. was among the ruins of Mycenae;, whereas 
this is at feme diftance from the walls. He alfo deferibes 
the fubterraneous treafury of Atreus and his delcendants 
as- being in the fame place; and hence it has been inferred, 
that this building, conftructed of the fame materials as 
the walls, and coeval with the time of their ereftion, 
was the treafury of Atreus. It is a cone of fifty feet in 
diameter, and as many in height. It is compofed of enor¬ 
mous mafles of a very hard breccia, a fort of pudding- 
ftone ; the black in particular, over the door-way, (which 
diminilhes very much in breadth at the top, after the 
Egyptian manner,) is no 1 -efs than thirty feet in length, 
fifteen in breadth, and five in thicknefs. This extraor¬ 
dinary edifice has obvioully been railed by the projection 
of one Hone over another, and they nearly meet at the 
top; the curved form and fmoothnefs being previoufly 
given to each. The central Hone at the top has been re¬ 
moved,.along with two or three others ; and yet the build¬ 
ing remains as durable as ever, and will probably laft till 
the end of time ; which would fcarcely appear likely, if 
this had been the key-ftone and fupport of the whole, 
edifice. This, therefore, cannot be brought as a proof 
of the exiltence of arches in remote ages. (Edinburgh 
Review, N° 14.) Dr. Sibthorp, who vilited this temple 
fo lately as the year 1795, fays that the itone which forms- 
the portal, is the largeft he ever law employed in any 
edifice. 
MYCERI'NUS, a fon of Cheops, king of Egypt. Af¬ 
ter the death of his father he reigned with great juftice 
and moderation. Herodot. 
MY'CITHUS, a fervant of Anaxilaus, tyrant of Rhe- 
gium. He was entrulted with the care of the kingdom, 
and of the children, of the. deceafed prince ; and he exer- 
cifed his power with fuch fidelity and moderation, that he 
acquired the elteem of all the citizens, and at laft reftored 
the kingdom to his mailer’s children when come to years 
of maturity, and retired to peace and folitude. He is 
called by feme Micalus. 
MYCO'NI, one of the Cyclades in the Grecian Archi¬ 
pelago, about twenty-one miles in circumference, fituated 
between Icaria (or Nicaria) and Delos. This is the an¬ 
cient Myconus , which, by fabulous relation, was the tomb 
of the Centaurs that were killed by Hercules. Some an¬ 
cient writers have called the inhabitants of Myconus 
“ bald-heads,” aflerting that this deleft was natural, and 
that it was a kind of endemial difeafe, with which aim oft 
all of them came into the world ; but no appearances of it 
now remain.. They were alfo reckoned great parafites j 
and men, who prefented themfelves at feafts without being 
invited, were proverbially called “ guefts of Myconi.” 
In.a harbour known by the name of Tour/on, is an an¬ 
chorage frequented by Ihips failing through the Archipe¬ 
lago, in order to repair to Smyrna and the north of Tur¬ 
key. The Greeks of Myconi are great navigators ; tra- 
verfing the fea that furrounds them in their boats, feme 
of which are large. Addifted to maritime occupations, 
they neg]eft the culture of their lands, from which, though 
dry and mountainous, they might derive confiderable ad¬ 
vantage. All the productions which they yield, though 
in fmall quantity for want of culture, are of a very good 
quality, fuch as wheat, barley, raifins, figs, olives, and 
cotton. Wine and fruits are here excellent. Game 
abounds; the molt delicate birds arrive in numerous 
flights twice a-year, in fpring and autumn.; and, in Ihort, 
the. illand affords in profuflon, all the neceftary or agree¬ 
able articles of life. But water is fcarce; and, during 
the great heat of fummer, every thing is dry in the fields, 
and. bears the afpeft of aridity. This drought has, with¬ 
out doubt, reftrifted the operations of agriculture, and 
induced men to leek abroad means of exiltence more cer¬ 
tain and Ids laborious. T&e women are principally oc¬ 
cupied 
