520 NAN 
the breadth and depth of the river Y’ang-tfe-kiang; but 
at prefent large barks, or Chinefe junks, never enter it. 
In April and May excellent fifh are caught in this river 
near the city, which are lent to court, covered with ice, 
and trailfported by barks kept for this purpofe. Nan¬ 
kin is more than 500 miles from Peking, and the boats 
arrive there in eight or nine days. This city, though the 
capital of the province, has only eight cities of the third 
clafs under its jurifdiftion. Lat. 32. 4. N. Ion. 118. 24. E. 
NAN-LIU', a town of China, of the third rank, in 
Kiang-nan : twenty miles weft of Nhing-koue. 
NAN-NGAN', a city of China, of the firft rank, in 
Kiang-fi: 895 miles fouth-fouth-weft of Peking. Lat. 
25. 29. N. Ion. 113. 37. E. 
NAN-NGAO'-TCIIING', an ifland near the coaft of 
China, about twenty-two miles in circumference. Lat. 
23. 30. N. Ion. 116. 49. E. 
NAN-NING', or Nan-ngin, a city of China, of the 
f.rft rank, in Quang-fi: 1145 miles fouth-fouth-weft of 
Peking. Lat. 22. 44. N. Ion. 107. 44. E. 
NAN-PI', a town of China, of the third rank, in Pe- 
tche-li: twenty-feven miles north-north-eaft of King. 
NAN-POU', a town of China, of the third rank, in 
Se-tchuen, on the Kialing River: twenty-five miles north- 
weft of Pan. 
NAN-SA-CHE', a town of China, near the weft coaft 
of the ifland of Formofa. Lat. 25. 2. N. Ion. 120. 39. E. 
NAN-SAN', a fmall ifland, near the coaft of China. 
Lat. 26. 50. N. Ion. 119. 29. E. 
NAN-SHOO-FOU', in Sir George Staunton’s account of 
the Embafly to China, is faid to be the frontier-city of the 
province of Quan-tong. The Chinefe Atlas places here a 
city of the firft rank, called Nan-yong: one and the fame 
place appears to be underftood. See Nan-yong. 
NAN-TA-KI', a town of China, near the weft coaft of 
the ifland of Formofa. Lat. 24. 50. N. Ion. 120. 20. E. 
NAN-TAN', a city of China, of the fecond rank, in 
Quang-fi r 1037 miles fouth-fouth-weft of Peking. Lat. 
25. N. Ion. 107. 15. E. 
NAN-TCHANG', a city of China, of the firft rank, and 
capital of Kiang-fi. This city has no trade but that of 
porcelain, which is made in the neighbourhood of Joa- 
tcheou. It is the refidence of a viceroy, and compre¬ 
hends in its diflrifl eight towns, feven of which are of 
the third clafs, and only one of the fecond. So much of 
the country is cultivated, that the paftures left are fcarcely 
fufficient for the flocks. It is 695 miles fouth of Peking. 
Lat. 28. 36. N. Ion. 115. 30. E. 
NAN-TCHANG', a town of China, of the third rank, 
in Hou-quang: thirty-feven miles fouth-weft of Siang- 
yang. 
NAN-TCHOU'EN, a town of China, of the third rank, 
in Se-tchuen : forty miles north-north-weft of Tchi-ngan. 
NAN-TING-SU', a fmall ifland near the coaft of China. 
Lat. 24. 10. N. Ion. 118.6.E. 
NAN-TSIN', a town of China, of the third rank, in 
Fokien : feventeen miles north-eaft of Tchang-tcheou. 
NAN-YANG', a city of China, of the firft rank, in 
Ho-nan. The city is lituated on the banks of a fmall 
river; but neither large, rich, nor populous ; and is fur- 
rounded with mountains, in fome of which lapis-lazuli 
is found. Thejurifdiftion comprehends two towns of the 
fecond order, and fix of the third. It is 462 miles fouth- 
fouth-weft of Peking. Lat. 33. 6. N. Ion. 112.14. E. 
NAN-YONG', a city of China, of the firft rank, in 
the province of Quang-tong, fituated in a fertile country 
at the foot of a mountain, which feparates the province of 
Quang-tong from that of Kiang-fi, and carrying on an 
extenfive trade. Its jurifdiftion comprehends only two 
towns of the third clafs: 902 miles fouth of Peking. 
Lat. 25. 10. N. Ion. 113. 32. E. 
NA'NAC, the name of the founder of the fe£l of the 
Sikhs, or Seiks, in Hindooftan 5 a religious feft, which 
advanced, by fucceifive gradations, from the humble con¬ 
dition of religionilts, to the rank of one of the molt pow- 
N A N 
erful Hates in Hindooftan. Nanac Shah, a native of 4 
fmall village called Talwandi, in the diftridl of Bhatti, 
in the province of Lahore, was born A.D. 1469. It is 
now become a town, and denominated Rayapour, and is 
fituated on the banks of the Beyah, or Hyphafis. Nanac’s 
father, whole name was Calu, and who belonged to the 
Clhatriya call and Vedi tribe of Hindoos, wilhed to bring 
him up to trade ; but Nanac himfelf was from his child¬ 
hood inclined to devotion, and manifelted an indifference 
to all worldly concerns. This difpolltion was cherilhed 
by his intercourfe with the fakirs, among whom and the 
poor he diftributed a great part of his lubftance. It is 
needlefs to recite his trances and vilions, his converfe 
with the prophet Elias, and the aufterities which he prac- 
tiled at the commencement and in the progress of his re¬ 
ligious career. Nor can we accompany him in the travels 
which he undertook with a view of reforming the worfhip 
of the true God, that had been degraded by the idolatry 
of the Hindoos and the ignorance of the Mahometans. 
It will be fufficient for us to obferve, that after he had 
vifited all the cities of India, and explained to all ranks 
the great doftrines of the unity and omniprefence of God, 
he went to Mecca and Medina, where his aftions, his 
miracles, and his long difputations with the Mahometan 
faints and doctors, are molt circumftantially recorded bf' 
his biographers. He is dated, on this occafion, to have 
defended his own principles without offending thofe of 
others; always profefling himfelf the enemy of difcord, 
and as having no objedt but to reconcile the two faiths of 
the Mahometans and Hindoos in one religion; which he 
endeavoured to do by recalling them to that great and 
original tenet, which both of them believed, “ the unity 
of God;” and by reclaiming them from the numerous 
errors into which they had fallen. During his travels, 
about the year 1526 or 1527, Nanac was introduced to the 
emperor Baber, before whom he is faid to have maintain¬ 
ed his doftrine with great firmnefs and eloquence. Baber 
treated him kindly, and offered him an ample mainte¬ 
nance, which he refufed, alleging, that he trufted in him 
who provided for all men, and from whom alone a man of 
virtue and religion w'ould confent to receive favour or re¬ 
ward. The Hindoo zealots violently oppofed him, more 
efpecially after he had laid afide the habits of a fakir; but 
he treated their oppofition and reproaches w'ith great con¬ 
tempt ; and, when they required him to exhibit fome 
proof of his power that might aftonifh them, he replied, 
“ I have nothing to exhibit worthy of you to behold. A 
holy teacher has no defence but the purity of his doctrine; 
the world may change, but the Creator is unchangeable.” 
Having migrated from Vatala to Moultan, and from Moul- 
tan to Kirtipur, on the banks of the Ravee, or Hydraotis, 
he there performed many miracles, as it is reported, threw 
off his earthly fhape, and was buried near the bank of the 
river Ravee, which has fince overflowed his tomb. Kirti¬ 
pur continues to be a place of religious refort and wor¬ 
fhip ; and a fmall piece of Nanac’s garment is exhibited 
to pilgrims, as a facred relic, at his Dharmafala, or tem¬ 
ple. Nanac was unqueftionably a man of more than com¬ 
mon genius, which we may infer from the diftinguiflied 
eminence to which he attained, and the fuccefs with which 
he combated the oppofition that encountered him; whilil 
he laboured without intermiifion to recall both Mahome¬ 
tans and Hindoos to an exclufive attention to that fub- 
limell of all principles, which inculcates devotion to God 
and peace towards men. The religion which he incul¬ 
cated appears, fays fir John Malcolm, to have been a fort 
of pure deifm, grounded on moll fublime general truths; 
for Nanac profefled to conciliate Hindoos and Mahome¬ 
tans to the belief of his dodlrine, by perfuading them to 
rejedl thofe parts of their refpe&ive belief and ufages, 
which, he contended, were unworthy of that God whom 
they both adored. He endeavoured to imprefs both Hin¬ 
doos and Mahometans with a love of toleration, and an 
abhorrence of war; and his life was as peaceable as his 
doiilrine. It was not till near a hundred years after the 
death 
