544 NAP 
feveral a&ions, he determined on ftill greater exploits. 
Accordingly, no fooner was intelligence received that 
the French had evacuated Naples, than, after colledfing 
the wreck of general Mack’s army, and being joined by a 
body of Englifh and Ruffians, Ruffo marched againft the 
capital, of part of which he made himfelf mafter on the 
feafl of St. Anthony, who immediately fucceeded to all 
the honours of St. Januarius, now confidered as an apof- 
tate and a jacobin, and depofed foon after, on account of 
the decided prote&ion exhibited by him towards the pa¬ 
triots. The executive directory, the members of the le- 
giflature, and all thofe who held any offices under, or 
countenanced, the Parthenopean republic, now tookffiel- 
ter within the fortreffies, and let their enemies, who were 
but ill prepared for a fiege, at defiance. Ruffo, who by 
this time was appointed governor, and exercifed his civil 
and military functions under the denomination of Vicar 
to the King of Naples, refolved to put an end to the civil 
war by means of a treaty, which, while it reftored his fo- 
v r ereign, fhoidd at the fame time fecure the lives of the 
principal infurgents. He therefore entered into a nego- 
ciation for that purpofe ; and it was at length ftipulated, 
June 20, 1799, in a treaty to wffiich the Turkiffi and 
Ruffian commanders acceded, that “ the members of the 
new government, and the patriots in the forts, Ihould 
march out with all the honours of war, for the purpofe 
of being conducted in fafety to Toulon ; until which 
period they were to retain poffeffion of the caftles of Ovo, 
•Nuovo, and St. Elmo.” 
Caftel-a-Mare, about eighteen miles from Naples, was 
next fummoned. The patriots fought with incredible 
valour, having, at firft, formed the refolution of bury¬ 
ing themfelves under the ruins. They were fummoned 
a fecond time ; and, as they had no hope of obtaining any 
fuccours, they furrendered to a Britilh fquadron, under 
the command of commodore Foote. The capitulation 
was figned on the 22d of June, and ratified by cardinal 
Ruffo, commodore Foote, and the commanders of the 
Ruffian and Turkifh fquadrons. The conditions were the 
fame as for Naples. 
Soon after, a coalefced army of Englifh, Ruffian,'Turk¬ 
iffi, Portuguefe, and Italian, troops, came into port, un¬ 
der the direftion of lord Nelfon, and his meritorious fe- 
cond, captain Trowbridge. To the treaty which the 
cardinal had agreed to with the prince of Caraccioli and 
borne other members of the revolution, lord Nelfon re¬ 
filled to accede. Accordingly, a body of Englifh, Ruffian, 
and Portuguefe, troops, obtained poffeffion of the caftles 
of Ovo and Nuovo on the 26th, under the command of 
captain Hood; and another detachment, led by captain 
Trowbridge, inverted the caftle of St. Elmo on the 29th. 
This was a work of great difficulty ; feven batteries, 
armed with cannon of the largeft bore, were fucceffively 
erefted ; and, on July nth, thirty pieces of ordnance 
were ready to play on the fort. This arduous talk was 
chiefly accompliflied by the exertions of a body of Britilh 
feamen. The garrifon perfifted in a vigorous defence ; 
but, the batteries of the place being almoft all difmounted, 
and the works very much fhattered, Mejan, the com¬ 
manding officer, thinking the place was about to be 
ftormed, at length confented to a capitulation. The 
terms were agreed to, and figned on the 12th. The gar¬ 
rifon, after having laid down their arms, were to be em¬ 
barked for France, on the condition of not ferving again 
until an exchange fhould take place ; and “ all the fub- 
je< 5 b of his Sicilian majefty w-ere to be delivered up to the 
allies.” 
The only towns not yet reduced under the authority 
of the Neapolitan government, were Capua and Gaeta. 
The former furrendered to captain Trowbridge, June 28. 
The French garrifon laid down their arms on the glacis 
on the 29th, and marched towards Naples, to be there 
embarked for France. Capua furrendered, July ift, on 
she fame condition. 
The king of the Two Sicilies arrived at Naples from 
L E S. 
Palermo on the iotli of July ; and, having repaired' cn^ 
board the Foudroyant, the Englifh admiral’s ffiip, where 
the royal ftandard was hoifted, faw alfo his flag waving 
once more over his capital. He then formally difavowed 
the authority of cardinal Ruffo to treat with fubjedts in 
rebellion. He accordingly put an end to the truce, and 
inftantly blockaded the convoy deftined to carry the 
members and adherents of the late government to France. 
However, as the honour of the Englifh nation w-as im¬ 
mediately implicated in refpedl to the prifoners at Caftel- 
a-Mare, which had furrendered to the fquadron under 
commodore P’oote, the articles of that capitulation were 
ftridlly enforced, and confidered as inviolable, amidft all 
the convullions that afterwards enfued. 
It was hoped that the magnanimity of the allies would 
have protected the patriots from the burft of royal ven¬ 
geance; but Ferdinand looked upon thofe patriots as 
traitors, and, difregarding all treaties, his majefty was 
determined they fhould be treated as fuch. A fpecial 
commiffion was appointed, which pronounced fentence 
of death, without much formality, on fuch as had taken 
an adfive part in the late revolutionary government. 
The unfortunate prifoners on-board the fliips in the 
bay, now addreffed a letter to admiral Nelfon, claiming 
his protedfion, which we here fubjoin : “ After the ar¬ 
rival of the Britilh fleet in this road, commanded by your 
excellency, the capitulation was begun to be put in exe¬ 
cution. The garrifon of the forts, on their part, fet at 
liberty the ftate-prifoners and the Englifh prifoners of war, 
and gave up, to the troops of his Britannic majefty, the 
gate of the royal palace which leads to the new fort; and, 
on the other fide, the troops of his majefty the emperor 
of all the Ruifias attended the march of the garrifon,, 
with all the honours of war, out of the forts. It is now 
twenty-four days that we are lying in this road, unpro¬ 
vided with every thing necefiary for exiltence. We have 
nothing but bread to eat; we drink nothing but putrid 
water, or wine mingled wdth fea-water; and we have 
nothing but the bare planks to fleep on. Our houfes. 
have been entirely pillaged, and the greater part of 
our relations either imprifoned or maffacred. We are 
perfuaded that all the treatment which we fuffer, after 
having capitulated, and after having, on our fide, put 
the articles of the capitulation religioufly into execu¬ 
tion, is entirely unknown to your excellency, and to his 
Sicilian majefty, your fidelity and his benevolence being 
engaged in our deliverance. The delay of the execution 
of the capitulation, gives us room to claim and implore 
his and your juftice, in order that a treaty, concluded 
with four of the molt civilized powers of Europe, who 
have always appreciated the inviolability of treaties, 
fhould be executed as fpeedily as portable. We hope that, 
by means of your good offices with his Sicilian majefty, 
due execution will be given to the articles of a capitula¬ 
tion which has been figned with good faith, and religi¬ 
oufly fulfilled on the part of the garrifon.” 
The following was lord Nelfon’s anfwer: “I have 
ffiown your letter to your gracious king, who muft be the 
belt and only judge of the merits and demerits of his 
fubjedls.” 
The executions commenced with the chevaliers Maffa, 
Serra, Julian Colonna, and the prince de Strongoli, who 
buffered death in the Cartel del Ovo. Belloni and Piftici, 
two priefts, were hanged hear the Vicaria ; the adjutant- 
general Grimaldi burft from the hands of the guards, and 
periffied fighting againft them; Menthone, the minifter 
at war, buffered after a fhort and memorable fpeech. Do- 
rninico Cirillo, on being interrogated as to his condition, 
replied “Under the defpotifin I was a phyfician ; in the 
time of the republic, a reprefentive of the people ; at pre- 
fent, a hero!” Prince Carraccioli, general and chief of 
the Neapolitan marine, was executed on-board a Neapo¬ 
litan frigate. Marcello Scoti, Pafchal Buffo, Jofepli 
Luogoteta, and feveral others, buffered. Nor Was the 
fofter fex exempt from this terrible profcription; for 
4. Eleanora 
