N A 
alum, vitriol, fulphur, rock-cryftnl, marble, and feveral 
forts of minerals, together with fine wool, and filk. The 
hdrl'es of this country are famous, and the flocks and 
herds very numerous. Befides thefe products, of which 
a confiderable part is exported, there are manufactures of 
fnuff, foap, and glafs ware. Waiftcoats, caps, ftockings, 
and gloves, are alfo made of the hair or filaments of a 
fiiell-filh, which are warmer than thofe of wool, and of a 
beautiful gloffy green. The fdk, woollen, and other ma¬ 
nufactures, together with the improvement of arts, owe 
their firit eftablilhment to Ferdinand of Arragon, who 
patronifed them in a very liberal manner. 
Among the natural euriofities of this country, the 
Phrygian ftone, or pietra fungfera, as it is called, may 
«lfo be clafl'ed. It has neither the hardnefs of (tone, nor 
the properties of earth, but confifts of an indurated mix¬ 
ture of earth, rotten beech-wood, and fibres of feveral 
plants. From this (tone, laid in a (hady and damp place, 
mufiirooms grow in a few days. The feed lies in the fub- 
(tance of the (tone, and is diltinguifliable only by a good 
microfcope from dud. 
A great inconvenience, but common to all Italy, are 
the fwarms of lizards, whereof great numbers of the 
green kind are every-where'to be met with ; but they are 
rather troublefome than hurtful, as they creep up and 
down the walls, and, if a door or window be left open, 
make their way into the chambers. A much greater nui- 
fance are the fcorpions ; but the tarantulas are mod 
talked of; thefe are a fpecies of fpiders, fo called from 
the city of Tarento, in which diftriCt they are in great 
number, and alfo more venomous than elfewhere. See 
the article Aranea, vol. ii. p. 33. 
Trade .—The exports of the kingdom of Naples are 
wheat, barley, legumes, Indian corn; hemp, linfeed, 
cummin, fennel, and annifeeds ; wool, oil, wine, cheefe, 
fUli, falt-fie(h, honey, wax, frelh and dried fruit, manna, 
faffron, liquorice, feccia brucciata, gums, locud-beans, 
capers, lupins, pade, macaroni of various forts, fait, 
pot-afli, brimdone, nitre, argal, pitch, tar, fumach, 
(kins, cattle, oranges, lemons, brandy, vinegar, metals, 
minerals, marble, filk, hemp, flax, cottons, and divers 
forts of manufactures. All thefe products might be 
fent out in very great quantities, if proper encourage¬ 
ment were given ; and both horfes and cattle might be¬ 
come valuable articles of exportation, if the breed were 
attend to. The chief exportation of corn is made from 
the provinces of Capitanata, Bari, Otranto, Abruzzo, 
Molife, Calabria, and Bafilicata; they fupply the internal 
confumption of the kingdom, and foreign markets. The 
produCt of the Terra di Lavora, and Salerno is referved 
for the ufe of the capital. The provinces mod abundant 
in oil are Bari, Otranto, Calabria, and Abruzzo. The pro¬ 
duce offilk in the kingdom is computed at about 8oo,ooolbs. 
weight annually, of which half is fuppofed to be worked 
at home, and the other half exported raw; double the quan¬ 
tity may be fold unwrought, and double might be manu¬ 
factured, were it not prevented by the high duties on ex¬ 
portation and importation into the capital, together with 
the tyranny and exactions of the excife-ofiicers of the 
provinces. The exportation of thrown filk, upon an 
average of many years, amounts to 14.8,2 iylbs. The ex¬ 
portation of raw filk from the Calabrias, through the cuf- 
tom-houfe, is about 53,ooolbs. but perhaps double that 
quantity is fmuggled by Leghorn, and other parts. No 
(mall quantity of cotton is gathered in the Terra di Bari, 
and the diftriCts of the cities of Turfi and Gravina ; but 
the bed is in the province of Otranto. Venice takes ofl' 
annually a confiderable quantity of cotton, alfo of wool; 
almonds abound in the territories of Bari, Otranto, and 
the Abruzzi; but the bed come from Bari, whence they 
are exported to Venice and Triede ; a high duty ruins this 
trade. In Calabria, there are natural mountains of fait, 
ftronger and more aCtive than fea-falt; but the mines are 
fiiut up not to hurt the revenue, which reaps great benefit 
Vol. XVJ. No. 1135. 
L E S. 0G1 
by the high duties upon that article. At Naples the ga¬ 
bel is almoft five times more than the fil’d cod of the 
commodity in Sicily. 
Among the chief articles imported into Naples, are: 
From England, woollen goods of all forts, filk and 
worded dockings, hats, tanned hides, lead, tin, pepper, 
hardware, linens, handkerchiefs, fans, canes, gums, dy¬ 
ing woods, drugs, watches, clocks, mathematical inflru- 
ments, houfehold furniture, fait cod, pilchards, herrings, 
coflee, tea, cocoa, fugar, and occafionally callicoes, and 
Eafl-India goods. From Holland, cinnamon, cloves, nut¬ 
megs, pepper, medicinal drugs from the Eafl and Wed- 
Indies, fine cloths, particularly the black, called Segovia, 
linen for (hirts and other ufes, muflin, chintz, callicoes, 
feveral forts of cocoa, whalebone, tobacco, filk fluffs, and 
velvet. From France, an immenfe quantity of fugar, in¬ 
digo, coffee, dying woods, verdigris, Levant drugs, co¬ 
coa, hardware, filk fluffs, gold and filverl'ays of Le Mans, 
duroys, cloths of Elbeuf, and all forts of women’s ap¬ 
parel. From Spain, cochineal, dying woods, cocoa, hides 
i'alted and in the hair, medicinal American drugs, Jefuits 
bark, farfaparilla, jalap, balfam ofPeru,ipecacuhana, cloths 
of divers forts, wine, tobacco, fnuff of Seville and Ha- 
vanna, lead, gun-barrels, honey, See. From Portugal, 
Brafil fugars, tobacco, cocoa, drugs, hides, Sec. From 
Venice, books, cordovans, looking-glaffes, cryftals, and 
glaffes of all forts, luftres, coach and window glaffes, Padua 
cloths, called Venetian lays, for the confumption of the 
provinces, fine Verona cloths, equal to Englifh (carlet, 
ftockings, caps made of wool, fine hats, ufed in the pro¬ 
vinces, wax candles, white loaf-fugar, fine linen, medi¬ 
cinal and Levant drugs, all forts of paints, fublimate, cin¬ 
nabar, quickfilver, turpentine, dragons blood, copper, 
iron of divers forts of the manufactures of Germany and 
Brefcia, paper. Sec. From Genoa, American goods from 
the Spanifh Main, and the Portuguefe Eaft-Indies, velvets, 
iron in great quantity, nails, ordinary hats, wax from 
Tunis, and the African coaft. From Leghorn, all forts 
of goods, at fecond hand from the Levant, Barbary wools, 
linens of Egypt, wax, and many filk manufactures. From 
Peterfburgh, hides, wax, iron, furs, &c. From Sardinia, 
an immenfe quantity of tunny fifli, and cheefe. From 
Germany, Silefia linens of all forts, white and painted, 
iron of divers manufactures, vitriol of Hungry, cryftals 
of Bohemia, large glades for coaches and window's, hats, 
and goods of the new Vienna fabric, turpentine, quick¬ 
filver, hardware, manufactures of Ofnaburg and Nurem¬ 
berg, copper, tin plates, boards, cloth, Sec. The duties 
in general upon goods imported into the city of Naples, 
amount to about 25 percent, upon the cultom-houfe elti- 
mation, paying ad valorem; fugar and wax, by the new 
impofitions, pay 40 or 50 per cent, upon the market- 
price. The duty upon fugar produces about 80,000 du¬ 
cats annually. 
Rivers, Momitains, Sfc .—Of rivers there is not any one 
of note in the kingdom ; but (mail dreams defeend, in 
every direction, with rapidity from the interior parts, and 
lofe themfelves in the fea. Among the chief mountains 
of Naples are the Apennines, which extend through the 
whole length of the country, and terminate at the ltraits 
of Sicily. A confiderable part of this country, as well 
as other provinces in Italy, has been at remote periods 
affefted by fire. This faCt is fufficiently teltified by the 
prefent appearance of the country. Naples, Rome, and 
moft of the ancient Roman highways, are paved with lava, 
and the foundations of the houfes in the fubterraneous 
city of Herculaneum, are compoled of the fame materials. 
All the mountains and hillocks in the vicinity of Naples, 
are merely a mafs of various forts of matter vomited 
forth by volcanos which no longer exift, and whole erup¬ 
tions, anterior to hiltory, have probably formed the ports 
of Naples and Puzzuoli. The Apennine mountains ex¬ 
hibit a confiderable number of vifible fires under different 
forms j and the earthquakes to which this country is fub- 
7 D jeft, 
