T04 N £ L 
operations of the veffels under his orders in the Medi¬ 
terranean, not without fome occafional bickerings with 
hr Sidney Smith, who was fent out with a feparate com¬ 
mand. 
After the French had taken poffeffion of Naples, and 
eftabliflied a Parthenopean republic on the ruins of the 
former monarchy, the dormant fpirit of loyalty began to 
revive, and meafures were taken fora counter-revolution. 
In thefe lord Nelfon warmly concurred ; and he lent cap¬ 
tain Trowbridge to cruife in the bay of Naples, and 
reduce tlie illands by which it is furrounded. On the 
24-th of June, 1799, Nelfon himfelf arrived in the bay, 
when the republicans had juft entered into an armiftice 
with the Neapolitan general, cardinal Ruffo, figned by 
commodore Foote and the Turkilli and Ruffian com¬ 
manders, for the caftles which alone remained in their 
poffieflion. The king of Naples, in this profperous ftate 
of his affairs, was induced to difavow the authority of 
the cardinal to treat with fubje&s in rebellion ; and lord 
Nelfon immediately put an end to the truce. The for- 
treffes w r ere afterwards obliged to capitulate; and a bloody 
execution, in fpite of the treaty, took place of a number 
•of the Neapolitan republicans, under the eye of the Britilh 
admiral. For this part of lord Nelfon’s conduct, much 
has been faid by his panegyrifts ; but it is not, and cannot 
be, juftified. He fubmitted to be fubfervient to the paf- 
fions of the court; and this perhaps the more readily, as 
his own prejudices and paffions were all on the fame fide. 
That we have not fpoken too ftrongly on this fubjeCt is 
evident from the vindication of commodore Foote, who 
fiiall fpeak for himfelf: “ Nothing,” fays this much in¬ 
jured and infulted officer, “ can be more evident, than the 
•faCt that a folemn capitulation had been agreed upon, 
■formally iigned by the chief commander of the forces of the 
king of Naples, by the Ruffian commander, and by myfelf, 
all duly authorized to lign any capitulation in the abfence 
of fuperior powers. This was not a treaty of peace, fubjeCt 
to ratification: it was not liable to be broken; it was aferious 
agreement for furrender, upon terms which involved the 
lives and properties of men, who might have chofen to 
forfeit thofe lives and properties, had they not relied prin¬ 
cipally upon the faith of a Britifh officer. Parts of the 
agreement were performed; and aCtual advantage was 
afterwards taken of thofe parts of the capitulation that 
had been thus executed, to feize the unhappy men who, 
having been thus deceived by a facred pledge, were facri- 
ficed in a cruel and defpotic manner.” “ Thefe faCts,” 
fays the writer in the Quarterly Review, “ are certain and 
undeniable. They cannot be defended ; they cannot be 
excufed; they cannot by any fophiftry be palliated. A 
faithful hiftorian has no alternative but to relate them 
with Ihame and forrow.” See Naples, p. 544. 
On the 9th of Auguft, lord Nelfon brought his Sicilian 
majefty fate to his court, having kept him fome weeks 
.in his ffiip out of the reach of peril; and on the 13th the 
king presented him with a fword raoft magnificently en¬ 
riched with diamonds, and conferred upon him the title 
of Duke of Bronte, and annexed to the title an eftate 
fuppofed to be worth 3000I. per annum. Lord Nelfon 
himfelf gave an account of the prefents which he had 
received for his fervices in the Mediterranean, between 
the ift of October, 1798, and the ift of OCtober, 1799. 
Thefe we ffiall bring into one view from the 12th volume 
of the Britannic Magazine. 
From the parliament of Great Britain, for his own 
life, and two next heirs, per annum. £1000 
From the parliament of Ireland, not exactly known, 
but fuppofed to be the fame as given earl St. Vin¬ 
cent and lord Duncan, per annum. 1000 
From the Eaft-India Company. 10,000 
From the Turkey Company, a piece of plate of 
great value. 
From Alexander Davidfon, efq. a gold medal. 
f rom the city of London, a fword of great value. 
SON. 
From the grand fignior, a diamond aigrette, or 
plume of triumph, valued at. ,£zooa 
From the fame, a rich peliffe, valued at. 1000 
From the grand fignior’s mother, a rofe, fet with 
diamonds, valued at. 1000 
From the emperor of Ruffia, a box, fet with dia¬ 
monds, value. 2500 
From the king of the Two Sicilies, a fword richly 
ornamented with diamonds, value. 5000 
Alfo, the dukedom of Bronti, with an eftate, fup¬ 
pofed, per annum. 3000 
From the king of Sardinia, a box, fet with dia¬ 
monds, in value. 1200 
From the ifland of Zante, a gold-headed fword and 
cane. 
From the city of Palermo, a gold box and chain, 
brought on a filver waiter. Alfo, the freedom 
of the city of Palermo, which conftituted him a 
grandee of Spain. ' 
It was at Naples, that lord Nelfon fuffered himfelf to be 
fo far infatuated as to form a connexion with lady Ha¬ 
milton, which led to his feparation from his own wife, 
and till which he had been an affectionate hulband, and 
happy and amiable in all his domeftic relations. This is 
inconteftibly proved by the letters which palled between 
him and his lady, and which have been given in the life 
of his lordlhip by Melfrs. Clarke and M‘Arthur. 
After the appointment of lord Keith to the command 
of the Mediterranean fleet, lord Nelfon made preparations 
to return; and, proceeding, in company with fir William 
and lady Hamilton, to Triefte, he travelled through Ger¬ 
many to Hamburgh, every-where received with diftin- 
guilhed honours. He embarked at Cuxhaven, and landed 
at Yarmouth on the 6th of November, 1800, after an ab¬ 
fence from his native country of three years. In the fol¬ 
lowing January he received orders to embark again ; and 
it was during this lhort interval that he formally leparated 
from lady Nelfon. Some of his laft words to her were, 
“ I call God to witnefs that there is nothing in you or 
your conduft that I wiffi otherwife.” He was now raifed 
to the rank of vice-admiral of the blue; and foon after 
hoifted his flag on-board the San Jofef of 112 guns, his 
own prize at the battle of Cape St. Vincent. About this 
time the emperor Paul of Ruffia had renewed the northern 
confederacy, the exprefs and avowed objeCt of which was 
to fet limits to the naval fupremacy of England. A re- 
folution being taken by the Engliflt cabinet to attempt 
its diflolution, a formidable fleet was fitted out for the 
North Seas under fir Hyde Parker, in which lord Nelfon 
contented to go fecond in command. Having ffiifted his 
flag to the St. George, of 98 guns, he failed with the fleet 
in the month of March, and on the 30th of that fame 
month he led the way through the Sound, which was 
palled without anylofsl 
The battle of Copenhagen gave occafion for an equal 
difplay of lord Nelfon’s talents as that of the Nile. The 
Danes were well prepared for defence. Upwards of two 
hundred pieces of cannon were mounted upon the crown- 
batteries at the entrance of the harbour; and a line of 
25 two-deckers, frigates, and floating batteries, was moor¬ 
ed acrofs its mouth. An attack being determined upon, 
the conduct of it was entrufted to lord Nelfon ; theaCtion 
was fought on the 2d of April. Nelfon had with him 
twelve ffiips of the line, with all the frigates and fmall 
craft; the remainder of the fleet was with the commander- 
in-chief, about four miles off. The combat which fuc- 
ceeded was one of the moft terrible on record. Nelfon 
himfelf faid, that of all the engagements in which he had 
borne a part it was the moft terrible. It began at ten in 
the morning, and at one victory had not declared itfelf. 
A ffiot through the main-maft knocked a few fplinters 
about the admiral: “ It is warm work,” faid he, “ and 
this may be the laft day to any of us in a moment; but, 
mark you, I would not be elfevvhere for thoufmds.” 
About 
