714 N E P 
rays. The two moll remarkable filaments are exceedingly 
long and (lender : they extend from the bread nearly as 
far as the anus : they terminate by three minute branches 
in the parts of generation of the male, fu mi (lung, at the 
fame time, fome filaments to the adjacent parts. All the 
other filaments, which proceed from this third and'lad 
ganglion, are dedined to themufcles. We can very plainly 
diffinguiih thofe that belong to the middle and inter¬ 
mediate feet, as they are fomevvhat larger than the others. 
This infeft is (hown at fig. 2. and with the wings clofed 
at fig. 3. 
7. Nepa maculata, the fpotted water-fcorpion : tail 
ending in two bridles; body black; thorax and fcutel 
fpotted with ferruginous. This is found in the Ead- 
Indies, and is about half the fize of the preceding. 
II. Ranatra. Antennas palmate ; lip very fhort, and widely 
emarginate. 
8. Nepa filiformis : tail ending in two bridles, (horter 
than the body; body linear; legs tedaceous ; the thighs 
are annulate, and of a cinereous colour. It inhabits 
Tranquebar. 
9. Nepa linearis : tail ending in two bridles, as long as 
the body; thorax brown ; fore-fltanks with a fpine down 
the middle. The infefts of this fpecies have a liighly- 
fingular afpeft, bearing a didant refemblance to fome 
fmaller infers of the genera Mantis and Phafma. It 
is about an inch and a half long from the tip of the 
fnout to the beginning of the abdominal dyle or procefs, 
which is itfelf of equal length to the former part; and 
the whole animal is extremely (lender in proportion to 
its length. The legs alfo are long and (lender; and the 
chelae, or fore-legs, much longer in proportion than thofe 
of the preceding fpecies. The colour of the animal is 
dull yellowifli brown, the back, when the wings are ex¬ 
panded, appearing of a brownifh red, and the under wings 
white and tranfparent. It inhabits the larger kind of 
dagnant waters, frequenting the fhallower parts during 
the middle of the day, when it may be obferved to prey 
on the fmaller water-infefts, &c. Its motions are fingular; 
often linking out all its legs in a kind of darting manner 
at intervals, and continuing this exercife for a conliderable 
time. The eggs are fmaller than thofe of the N. cinerea, 
of an oval (liape, and furnifhed with two precedes or 
bridles divaricating'from the top of each. 
10. Nepa elongata: tail ending in two bridles, flat, and 
longer than the body; body linear; thorax tedaceous, 
with a brown dorfal line. It inhabits Tranquebar. 
III. Naucoris. Lip projecting, and rounded. 
11. Nepa cimicoides : abdomen ferrate at the edge 5 
head and thorax varied with yellow and brown. This fpe¬ 
cies bears a refemblance to the genus which precedes and 
follows it in the fydematic arrangement: (fee vol. vi. 
p. 833.) It is allied to the Notonefta by having the 
hind legs formed for fwimming brilkly, and furnilhed 
with an edging of hairs on the inner fide : it alfo bears a 
refemblance to the generality of the Cimices, or bugs, in 
its broadly-ovate (liape. The thorax and upper wings 
are pale brown; the lower wings tranfparent white; and 
the back, which appears only when the wings are ex¬ 
panded, is of a fine bluilh black: the fides of the abdomen 
are ferrated: the under furface is of a pale j'ellowilh 
brown, with blue-green thorax : the fore-feet, or chelae, 
are very (hort, and the abdomen is deftitute of any length¬ 
ened procefs. This infeft is delineated at fig. 4. and 
with the wings clofed at fig. 5. where the refemblance to 
a bug is very manifeft. 
12. Nepa aeltivalis : abdomen ferrate at the edge ; head 
and thorax white. It inhabits France, and is about half 
the fize of the preceding. 
13. Nepa nepaeformis: edge of the abdomen entire. 
Inhabits the South-American iflands. 
14. Nepa curfitans; abdomen black, the edge entire; 
N E P 
all the legs formed for running. It is a very fmall infeft, 
and is found at Kiel. 
NE'PA, or Nepe, a name "by which the fign or con- 
(lellation Scorpio is fometimes called. 
NEPAU'L, Nepal, or Napaul, a kingdom of Hin- 
dooftan, confiding of an extenfive plain in a valley, en- 
clofed in the great range of fecondary mountains, which 
branch out towards the fouth and wed from the gigantic 
ridge of Himalaya and the lofty regions of Tartary. On 
the eadern fide, thepofleflionsoftheGhoorkhali, or prelent 
reigning family, are bounded by Bochtan, or the country 
of the Deb Rajah; to the fouth-eafl they touch upon our 
diflrifts of Rungamutty and Coochbehar; on the north- 
ead they are divided from Thibet by the alpine ridge in 
which the pafliss of Phullak and Kooti are fituated. To 
the fouthward the Nepaul territories are bounded by the 
purgunnahs of Durbungah, Tirhoot, and Ghemparum. 
To the fouth-vved is Bulrampore of Goruckpore, adjoin¬ 
ing to which is the tributary principality of Bootwal, 
To the wedward, the Nepaul borders touch on various 
parts of Oude; and to the north-wed are divided from 
various didrifts of Rohilcund by the Almorah hills. To 
the north-wed they are bounded by the dominions of 
the rajahs of Serinugur and Siremor, and by parts of 
Thibet; all of them fituated beyond the fnowy ridge of 
Himmaleh. While the Nepaul territories include between 
their eadern and wedern limits, as is feen in major Ren- 
nell’s map, no lefs a fpace than twelve geographical de¬ 
grees, they extend only two degrees from north to fouth, 
and for the mod part exhibit a flip of even lefs than 
a degree in breadth. The extenfive plain of Nepaul, 
fituated north-ead of Patna, at the didance of ten or 
eleven days’ journey from that city, refembles an amphi¬ 
theatre covered with populous towns and villages: the 
circumference of the plain is (aid to be about 200 miles, 
fomewhat irregular, and furrounded by hills on all fides, 
fo that no perfon can enter or come out of it without 
pafling the mountains. There are three principal cities 
in this plain, each of which was the capital of an inde¬ 
pendent kingdom; viz. Khatmandu, now confidered as 
the chief capital, (fee vol. xi. p.701.) Pattan, (which 
fee;) and Bhatcong. Befides thefe three principal cities, 
there are many other large and lefs confiderable towns or 
fortrefles, one of which is Timi, and another Cipoli, each 
of which contains about 8000 houfesy and is very popu¬ 
lous. See alfo Khirtipoor. All thefe towns, both great 
and fmall, are well built of brick; the houfes three or 
four dories high, with doors and windows of wood ; the 
flreets are paved with brick or done, having a declivity for 
carrying off the water; and in almod every dreet there 
are good wells of done, from which the water pafles 
through feveral done-canals for the public benefit. In 
every town there are fquare virandas, called Pali, well 
built, for the accommodation of travellers and the public; 
and there are many of thefe in different parts of the 
country for public ufe. On the outfide of the great 
towns are fmall fquare refervoirs of water, faced with 
brick, with a good road to waik upon, and a large flight 
of deps for the convenience of thofe who choofe to bathe. 
The mod northerly part of Nepaul fcarcely lies in a 
higher parallel of latitude than 27^; and yet this valley 
enjoys, in certain refpefts, the climate of fome of the 
fouthern parts of Europe. Snow, during winter, is lprinkled 
on the tops of the furrounding mountains lor leveral days, 
and it fometimes falls in the valley below; and in this 
feafon a hoar-frod commonly covers the ground, and the 
danding water of the pools and tanks freezes, but the 
rivers are never frozen. Nepaul feems to owe its favour¬ 
able climate to its great elevation ; its height above the 
level of the fea, as indicated by the barometer, not being 
lefs than 4000 feet: the mean temperature, during Kirk¬ 
patrick’s relidence towards the clofe of the year 1792, 
being, for a fmall interval of eight day's, 67°. The feafons 
are much the fame with thofe of Upper Hindooltan. The 
4. rain 
