732 
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F 5 and through the middle of one of the arched open¬ 
ings, mm mmm, fig. 2. which ferves to feed the fire. 
This fhows the channel G for carrying the fcalded liquor 
from the boilers to the agitation-vat C, figs. 3 and 4. 
It is frfpported by four beams of wood extended between 
the abutments n; one of the fcuppers, by which the li¬ 
quor runs from the coppers to the channel G ; dddddd 
are the pillars which fupport the grate, or fquare bars of 
iron; q , the opening which communicates with the next 
copper. To prevent any leakage at thefe communications, 
and to be able to feparate the vefiels, holes (fig. 6.) are 
made in thefidesofthe two contiguous coppers correfpond- 
ing with the four fcrews. A thick fquare piece of welted 
bide, with a fquare hole correfponding with the holes in 
the fides of the vefiels, is flipped in between them ; and 
the two plates of iron are then placed one in each copper, 
and fcrewed very tight together. Fig. 7 reprefents two 
of the beaters, each being a fquare-dieaded churn-flafF, 
which anfwers exceedingly well to turn the leaves while 
fcalding, and afterwards to agitate the liquor with. 
Dr. Roxburgh obferves, in conclufion, that, if work¬ 
men, for joining the fheathing-copper, can be had, where 
the works are to be erefted, it would be a great faving of 
copper, and otherwife more convenient, to have only one 
veiTel; the length may be made as much as may be necef- 
fary for the quantity of leaves that may grow in the vici¬ 
nity of the place. If conftrufted in this manner, there 
will be no need of the channel G in front of the vefi'els, 
one large fcupper from the end of the veflel next the agi¬ 
tation-vat is all that can be neceflary. The other parts 
may remain as above mentioned. “ I am now (fays he) 
joining my fore-delcribed fix vefiels into one, by cutting 
out the divifions, and joining them upon the grate ; with 
the copper fo got from the (ides cut out, I lengthen the 
now fingle veflel to be more than forty feet; which will 
require two additional fire-plaees, as I conceive a fire for 
every five feet in length little enough, when the veffel is 
ten feet broad ; which is a furface of fifty fquare feet for 
each fire to aft on." 
8. Nerium coronarium, or broad-leaved rofe-bay: 
leaves elliptic ; peduncles in pairs, from the forks of the 
branches, two-flowered. This is an elegant branched 
£hrub, four feet high, milky, with an afh-coloured bark. 
The younger branches are fhining, green, comprefl'ed a 
little, oppoiite at the end. Leaves long, lanceolate, acute, 
quite entire, Alining, on fliort petioles, oppofite. Flowers 
handfome, but without fcent; perianthium green; tube 
of the corolla greenifh yellow ; border fnow-white. It 
approaches to Gardenia, but feems rather to belong to 
this genus. Native of the Eaft Indies. Cultivated in 
31770 by Mr. James Gordon. It flowers moll part of the 
fummer. 
9. Nerium fcandens, or climbing rofe-bay : ftem climb¬ 
ing ; peduncles terminating, many-flowered ; fegments 
of the corolla very long. This is a large fhrub with 
fcandent branches. Flowers large, with a white tube and 
a very red border; tube of the corolla cylindric at bot¬ 
tom, pitcher-fhaped at top; fegments of the border, 
fubulate-linear, very long, repand. Although the very 
long fegments of the corolla caufe this to be allied to 
Echites caudata, yet the throat having a neftary, whereas 
in Echites it is naked, and the contorts being bell; dif- 
tinguilhed by their neftaries, it ranges moll properly un¬ 
der this genus. The follicles heing horizontal is no ob- 
llacle, when other circumllances agree. Native of Co¬ 
chin China. 
Propagation and Culture. Thefe plants are generally 
propagated by layers in this country; for, although they 
will fometimes take root from cuttings, yet that being 
an uncertain method, the other is generally purfued ; 
and, as the plants are very apt to produce fuckers, or 
fhoots from their roots, thofe are bell adapted for laying, 
for the old branches will not put out roots. When thefe 
are laid down, they Ihould be flit at a joint, in the fame 
manner as is praftifed in laying carnations, which will 
N E R 
greatly facilitate their taking root. If thefe branches ar« 
laid down in autumn, and are properly fupplied with, 
water, they will have taken root by that time twelve- 
months, when they ihould be carefully raifed up with a 
trowel; and, if they have taken good root, they ihould be 
cut oft' from, the old plant, and each planted in a feparate 
fmall pot, filled with foft loamy earth. Thofe of the 
common fort will require no other care, but to be placed 
in a ihady fituation, and gently watered as the feafon 
may require, till they have taken new root; but the two 
other fpecies ihould be plunged into a very moderate hot¬ 
bed, to forward their taking root, obferving to ihade them 
from the fun in the heat of the day. After the common 
fort has taken new root, the plants may be placed in a 
iheltered fituation with other hardy exotics, where they 
may remain till the end of Oftober, when they ihould ei¬ 
ther be removed into the green-houfe, or placed under a 
hot-bed frame, where they may be protefted from froft 
in winter, but enjoy the free air at all times when the 
weather is mild. This fort is fo hardy as to live abroad 
in mild winters, if planted in a warm fituation ; but, as it 
is liable to be deftroyed in fevere froft, the bell way is to 
keep the plants in pots, or if they are very large in tubs j 
that they be iheltered in winter, and in the hummer re¬ 
moved abroad, placing them in a warm iheltered fitua¬ 
tion. In the winter they may be placed with myrtles, 
and other of the hardier kinds of exotic plants, in a place 
where they may have as much free air as poflible in mild 
weather, but fcreened from fevere froft ; for, if kept too 
warm in winter, they will not flower ilrong, and, when 
the air is excluded from them, the ends of their ihoots 
will become mouldy ; fo that the hardier they are treated, 
provided they are not expofed to hard frofts, the betteff 
they will thrive. 
The other two forts require a different treatment, 
otherwife they will not make any appearance; therefore 
the young plants, when they have taken new root, fhould 
be gradually inured to bear the open air, into which they 
fhould be removed in July, where they may remain till 
Oftober, provided the weather continues mild ; but dur¬ 
ing this time they fhould be placed in a Iheltered fituation, 
and upon the firft approach of froft they fhould be re¬ 
moved into flielter ; for, if their leaves are injured by 
froft, they will change to a pale yellow, and will not re¬ 
cover their ufual colour till the following autumn. Thefe 
forts may be preferved in a good green-houfe through 
the winter, and the plants will be ftronger than thofe 
which are more tenderly treated ; but in May, when the 
flower-buds begin to appear, the plants fhould be placed 
in an open glafs-cafe, where they may be defended from 
the inclemency of the weather; but, when it is warm 
weather, the air fhould at all times be admitted to them 
in plenty. With this management the flowers will ex¬ 
pand, and continue long in beauty; and, while in floweiv 
there are few plants which are equal to them, either to 
the eye or nofe, for their fcent is very like that of the 
flowers of the white-thorn ; and the bunches of flowers 
will be very large, if the plants are ftrong. See Echites, 
Plumeria, and Rhododendron. 
NER'LI (Filippo) an Italian hiftorian, born in T485, 
was a fenator of Florence. One of his name, probably 
the fame perfon, was governor of Modena for the church 
in 1326 ; and, attempting to return to Florence in 1527 
with Guicciardini, was excluded from that city. He died* 
in 1556. His work, entitled “ Commentari de’ Fatti ci- 
vili occorfi nelle Citta di Firenze del 1215 fino al 1537,” 
remained in manufcript till it was publifhed in Florence 
with the date of Augufta, in 1728. It is laid that Nerli 
has inferted feveral mifreprefentations in his hiftory, a 
natural confequence of the part he perfonally took in the 
tranfaftions of his time. Gen. Biog. 
NE'RO (Lucius Domitius), Roman emperor, who has 
left a name abhorred by all pofterity, was the fon of 
Cneius Domitius Ahenobarbus, and Agrippina the 
daughter of Germanicus. He was born A. D. 37. Both 
4 his 
