54 
LANDSCAPE GARDENING. 
the many varieties now in cultivation; and of course a great majority 
of his stock consists of Queens. He has, however, a few later fruiting 
sorts, as the Black Jamaica and Montserrat, to come in after the 
general crop is over; and if he wishes to have a few start early, he 
refrains from disrooting them at the time the rest of the collection 
undergo that manipulation. 
You cannot fail to observe that twenty-four calendar months are 
required to grow and fruit the regular crop, so that pine culture is a 
continual round of labour and attention ; for even in the heat of 
summer, this tropical plant may be hurt by too much sunshine, and 
mid-day shading is necessary. It is for this reason that the eastmost 
division of the range of hothouses is chosen for a pinery; the higher 
roof of the vinery intercepting much of the afternoon sun from the 
interior of the house. 
We step out of the pinery into the vinery, a house of larger dimen¬ 
sions, particularly in length of rafter or slope of the roof on which the 
vines are trained to a wire trellis. The border for vines, both of the 
vinery and pinery, is made upon a bottom of compact, dry gravel, 
eighteen inches from the surface. The soil of the border is composed 
of mellow loam, road-sand, lime-rubbish, leaf-mould, and old hot-bed 
dung intimately mixed together. The border extends outwards from 
the front of the buildings, above twenty feet, so that the walk, &c., is 
made over part of it. And this circumstance the gardener thinks no 
detriment to the roots which may pass beneath; on the contrary, he 
imagines that the sun’s heat, attracted and retained by the surface 
coat of gravel, is rather grateful and stimulating to the roots than 
otherwise. 
The vines are planted on the outside of the front wall; the stems 
being led through openings close to the surface, and raised to the 
trellis within. One plant is placed to each rafter, so that each 
individual vine occupies a space of the roof equal to the distance 
between the rafters. 
By introducing so many plants, two or three advantages are gained. 
In the first place, a greater variety of sorts is obtained; secondly, 
a more lengthened vintage; and, lastly and principally, each tree 
being confined to a moderate space, and consequently to a limited 
extent of bearing wood, none of the trees are ever weakened by 
maturing a full crop, nor does the growth of the head ever demand 
more nourishment than the roots are always able to supply. It is 
a rule which is applicable to all fruit trees, and particularly to the 
vine, that the supplying powers of the root should be always somewhat 
superior to the demands of the head, whether those demands be for the 
