LANDSCAPE GARDENING. 
13 
apricot trees ; the east aspects bear plums, cherries, and French pears; 
and the north exposures are chiefly covered with morello cherry-trees, 
with currants in the intervals. 
There are many different styles of training practised in this garden; 
most of the trees on the walls are trained in the fan manner, the prin¬ 
cipal leaders being at good distances apart, and the intervals kept 
moderately filled with young wood. Such as bear their fruit on the 
last year’s shoots, as the peach and morello cherry, are trained in right 
lines, in all directions from the top of the stem, whether they be dwarfs, 
half-standards, or riders. Pears, plums, and several sorts of cherries, 
bear their fruit on what are called spurs, as well as on young shoots of 
one or two years’ growth ; and therefore the trees are allowed to divide 
themselves into a certain number of principal branches, trained first 
obliquely, and afterwards horizontally along the wall, in order that they 
may not too soon surmount it, and so require to be cut back. When a 
tree has acquired a good size, or has covered the space allotted to it, 
much skill is required to keep it stationary, and at the same time 
fruitful. This can only be done by 'preventing a summer growth of 
useless breast-wood, rubbing off every misplaced, redundant, or useless 
bud in the months of May and June, which threatens to come forth 
only to induce an unnecessary energy in the roots, and divert the sap 
from the fruitful parts of the tree. 'A few only of those summer- 
shoots are preserved, and laid in close to the wall, but stopped about 
midsummer. By these manipulations the trees are kept in a moderate 
state of healthy growth and consequent fruitfulness. This rule of 
fruit-tree culture is always everywhere bestowed on peach and necta¬ 
rine trees, but seldom on inferior fruits, though equally applicable to, 
and as necessary for them : indeed all trained trees require this atten¬ 
tion, because they are ever endeavouring to regain their natural forms 
by the production of strong shoots on and in the near neighbourhood of 
the stem. To prevent such growth requires constant vigilance, for it 
serves no good purpose to prune them off after they are produced, as is 
too frequently the custom. 
The espalier trees are almost all trained with one upright stem, with 
lateral branches about a foot apart, trained horizontally. This form of 
training is adopted for its neat symmetrical appearance and suitableness 
for espaliers. The trees, however, are very subject to " run riot” in 
the summer months, and be disfigured by a multiplicity of barren 
shoots, if they be allowed to come forth. I shall next lead you into 
the hot-houses, but, for the present, adieu. 
A. B. 
