12 
LANDSCAPE GARDENING. 
dent, and is well worth imitation in the arrangement of all kitchen-* 
gardens occupying the side of a hill. 
The borders, both within and on the outside of the wall, are eleven 
feet wide, to correspond with the height of the wall, which is a kind 
of general rule in laying out gardens. The walks are all five feet wide, 
except the middle and the upper cross ones, which are six. On the 
interior sides of the side and end walks, and on each side of the middle 
and cross walks, there are borders four feet wide, edged with box next 
the gravel, and with espalier rails within. 
The espalier rails, as they are called, are of the simplest construc¬ 
tion, being nothing else than a rank of six-feet stakes, selected for the 
purpose by the woodman when felling underwood. These, after being 
trimmed, pointed, and charred at bottom, are driven, by line, one foot 
two inches into the ground, and connected at top by a narrow ledge, or 
fillet of soft tough wood, by nails driven into each stake. Only per¬ 
fectly straight and smooth stakes are used ; they are rather more than 
an inch in diameter, and when correctly driven and headed by the fillet, 
really look very light and neat. The fruit-trees, consisting of pear, 
apple, plum, and cherry, are planted on the side next the walk, and 
are mostly trained with one or two upright stems, with horizontal 
branches fastened to the stakes by 'willow twigs, or any kind of durable 
string. 
Paths surround the quarters within the espaliers, and are separated 
from the ground appropriated to common vegetables by edgings of 
parsley, strawberries, or some other low-growing plant. 
In the centre of the garden there is a basin of water, supplied from 
the general pipe -which conveys the same from a spring on the hill 
above, serving in its course the little lake in the pleasure-ground, the 
gardener’s house and liot-houses, the basin just mentioned, a trough in 
the melon-ground, all the offices, and the mansion-house itself. 
The walls of the garden are planted on both sides with fruit-trees of 
ail the common sorts for which wall treatment is necessary. *The south 
aspect, at the ends of the hot-houses, is covered with six of the best 
sorts of peaches and nectarines : of the former, four dwarfs, and of the 
latter, two riders between the dwarfs, to cover the upper part of the 
wall. On the borders in front, and about six feet from the wall, are 
planted a rank of fig-trees, six on each side, pruned in the bush form, 
and kept pretty low. The roots of these trees are well mulched in 
summer, and covered in winter, and their branches have a temporary 
covering of mats in severe frost. With such care bestowed, they gene¬ 
rally bear plentifully. 
The west aspects are appropriated to peach, nectarine, fig, and a few 
