LANDSCAPE GARDENING. 
167 
is always a large rick made in an enclosure, where there is a winter 
foraging yard, at the bottom of the park. 
The live stock, depastured in the park, are Scotch and Welsh cattle, 
South Down sheep, and there is always a number of yearling colts and 
fillies, as well as heifers, bought in every year, to have a winter and 
summer run, and grow into money. The pasture is not rich enough 
for the larger breeds of cattle and sheep ; though of the first, a few 
Herefords and Durhams are purchased in the autumn, for stall- 
feeding ; and of the second, a score or two of Dorset or Wiltshire ewes 
are purchased at the same time, to be fed off with their lambs on 
turnips. There is also kept in the park a small herd of the fallow 
deer, more for ornament than for any profit made of them. They 
are great favourites with the ladies of the family, and a plaything 
for the keeper, who, however, can send some very prime venison to 
table in the season. 
I have imbibed so much of the elements of agriculture and rural 
economy since my sojourn here, that I should hardly be afraid to 
become a farmer myself, if the business were again a profitable one. 
But I can see pretty clearly, that unless I had just such a park, 
or an equal extent of meadow and pasture to keep live stock on— 
had free access to a long purse—and held at a pepper-corn rent, my 
humble name would soon figure in the gazette. 
The farm, I understand, is cultivated on what is called the four- 
course system—the rotation of cropping one field for four years will 
give you an idea of the whole. The first year, a clear fallow and 
dunged for turnips,—these are fed off by ewes and lambs, and wethers 
folded, between the first of November and middle of April, in ordinary 
seasons. As soon as the turnips are off, in the second year, the ground 
is prepared and sown with barley and clover, and with or without 
rye-grass, mixed. In the third year, the clover is mown once or twice, 
and made into winter fodder; and about Michaelmas the ley is 
ploughed, and sown with wheat, which completes the course. As 
soon as the wheat is carried in the fourth year, a part of the stubble is 
dunged and sown with winter tares, to be cut green, in the spring of 
the fifth year, the ground the tares occupied falling into the fallow. 
This is the usual routine of cropping a turnip-land farm, and is very 
generally adopted. 
The farm is fitted with every necessary building; the dairy is 
elegant, and always well supplied, from a select drove of Ayrshire 
and small short-horn cows; the fields well proportioned, and divided 
by hedge and ditch fences. There is a fair sprinkling of timber trees 
in the hedges, and some of the angles of the fields are planted. 
