CALENDARIAL MEMORANDA FOR JULY. 
279 
and all small salad plants should be sown or transplanted, as may he 
requisite. Black and white Spanish radish may now be sown ; also a 
large bed of carrots, to draw in November or throughout the winter, if 
protected from frost. In the last week, sow a full crop of onions to 
stand the winter; at the same time sow a large piece of winter spinach. 
A large bed of Battersea or sugar-loaf cabbage should be sown about 
the middle of the month, to be planted out as coleworts. Turnips may 
be sown twice, in order to secure a regular supply. 
The growing crops requiring attention at this time are, those need¬ 
ing the support of sticks, as peas and runner French beans; earthing- 
up celery and cardoons; pruning off side-shoots of artichokes, and 
breaking down the stems of those already cut for use; watering, 
wherever necessary ; and gathering whatever is ready for storing—as 
shallots, garlic, onions, and all sorts of herbs for drying. Clean and 
prepare vacant ground for the reception of winter and spring crops, 
&c. &c. 
Fruit Garden. —The fruit-trees on walls, and indeed all trained 
trees, are ever requiring the assistance of the pruner. To free the trees 
from supernumerary shoots, and keep the reserved ones in regular order, 
is highly necessary at this time. Insects will be ravaging, if not 
banished, and mildew will destroy the points of the best shoots of 
peach and nectarine trees, if not kept off by applications of soap-suds 
or sulphur. Vines at this time also require constant regulation;-—in 
short, the beauty of the trees in this, and their fruitfulness in the 
next year, mainly depends on what is done for them in the summer 
months. 
Flower Garden. —Whatever was omitted to be done in June, 
should now be performed without delay. Take up bulbs and tubers 
when the leaves are withered; sow and transplant annuals to bloom 
late ; propagate pinks, rockets, carnations, &c.; divide auriculas, and 
re-pot them, keeping them shaded; also all other plants in pots—as 
Chinese primroses, &c.; stake dahlias, and propagate pansies; sow 
seeds of biennials; prop Chinese chrysanthemums; regulate the patches 
of previously sown annuals; shift hothouse or greenhouse annuals, &c. 
Sowing, transplanting, shifting into larger pots, propagating by layers 
and cuttings—propping, shading, and watering when necessary—form 
the constant employment of the flower-gardener during this month. 
