52 
THE LANGUAGES OF BORNEO. 
Sea Dayak— Manang bebunoh buyu, the manang kills 
the spirit. 
Land Dayak (Beta)-— Sama rindu anak, (the) father loves 
the son ; aku kiris kuu, I saw thee. 
Siduan— Kau pita yan , I see him. 
Bisaya— Tuan mapong desor, thou seest him. 
Ngaju— Bapa sinta anak-e, (the) father loves son (his) ; 
akujari mitd ikau , I saw (did see) thee. 
Manyan— Olon rama merang pakayan hang latan, people 
many spread clothes in (the) way; alatalla ngulali 
moronsia , God made man. 
But this order is often departed from for various reasons. 
Adjectives follow their noun—Sea Dayak : orang jai ( jai 
orang ya, “ bad man that ” is also used); Land Dayak: day a 
arap ; Ngaju: olo papa; Narom : ida jet; Tarakan : ulun 
malat; Bolongan: ulu b'jit —all mean “bad man/’ lit. 
man bad. Siduan : batu ayang ; Bisaya : butu gayo, stone 
large. In Punan (Bok) the adjective precedes: pina pela, 
many paddles ; pina bato , many stones; and the word for 
“ many ” precedes also in Siduan : idah batu ; and Bisaya, 
suang batu. In Ngaju, ard olo means “many men,” but 
olo ard means “ a crowd.” In Sea Dayak, also, the adjec¬ 
tive “many” may precede or follow: orang maio, or maio 
orang , many men. 
Examples of the genitive construction are too few to 
show any definite rule. In the equivalent for “ lip ” in the 
vocabulary we find the word in the genitive following, as 
kulit-baba , lit. skin (of) mouth. Cf. also words for “ sun ” 
(eye of day); “ nipple ” (fruit, or nose of breast) ; “ finger ” 
(fruit of hand); “milk ” (water of breast), “ placenta” (bag 
of child); “root.” 
B. Word Building. 
Nouns : Many of the languages show nouns formed by 
means of the prefix pe with phonetic variations : pern , pen, 
peng, peny, according to the initial of the root. The suffix • 
-an is more rarely found. 
Verbs : These also show the prefix me with its variations 
mem, men, meng, meny, abbreviated in some of the lan¬ 
guages to m, n, ng, ny. These additions, which follow* the 
Malay rules in modifying or eclipsing the initial of the 
root, must be borne in mind when comparing the verbs 
given in the Vocabulary. 
The prefix ber, with its variants be, b\ is also found. 
The infix um or em is found in some of the languages. 
Cf. words in Vocabulary for “ eat ” and “ fly.” 
