BY SIDNEY H. RAY. 
* 
58 
4. Particles. 
These have not been studied in detail, but notes show 
that they are very similar in character and use to those in 
Malay. 
The modes and tenses of the verb are indicated by 
particles preceding or following the root. Relations of 
place are shown by prepositions. 
5. Pronouns. 
The personal pronouns show, generally, two forms for 
the first person plural, one including and the other ex¬ 
cluding the person spoken to. The first corresponds to the 
Malay kita, the latter to kami. The following table shows 
the forms of the personal pronouns in Borneo languages. 
The various sources of the words are distinguished as in 
the Vocabulary (c/. pp. 65-69). 
Personal Pronouns. 
First Person. 
Second Person. 
Third Person. 
Bintulu .... 
akau 
ikau [no] 
isa 
Plur. kami [melo] 
Plur. nyelau [nyilo] 
Plur. ilau 
Matu . 
(akau) 
(mau, kaau) 
— 
Plur. 
Plur. (melau) 
— 
Muka. 
akau 
kau 
sien 
Plur. akuu-dua-lo- 
wai 
Plur. kau-dua lauai 
Plur. sien-idangai 
Narom. 
kau 
hau 
nye 
Plur. hamai 
Plur. nakau 
Plur. lau’en 
Miri. 
koi 
au 
nyi 
Plur. amai 
Plur. unyau 
Plur. lo 
Dali . 
koi 
au 
auye 
Plur. ko-ite 
Plur. au 
Plur. adau 
Tutong .... 
kuji 
iko 
ia 
Plur. jai, jati 
Plur, ikau 
Plur. singai 
Lemiting.... 
kau 
ikau 
ida-lengan 
Plur. kau 
Plur. unyau 
Plur. adau 
Lelak .. 
oi 
hau 
ja 
Plur. amai 
Plur. ita 
Plur. lo 
Long Kiput.. 
ko, kau 
nau 
nye 
Plur. kamai 
Plur. ilau 
Plur. unyo 
Long Pata .. 
ko 
no 
nyi 
Plur. kame 
Plur. arosa 
Plur. arosai-iran-ne 
Batu Bla.... 
ko 
nau 
nye 
Plur. kami 
Plur. orocha 
Plur. delo 
Berawan.... 
akau 
kaau 
jia 
Plur. kamai; kita 
Plur. katelau 
Plur. ovwai 
Kanowit .... 
(ako) 
(no) 
— 
