PROFESSIONAL AND MORAL TRAINING. 
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ancl this the amateur considers a great point, or in other -words a season gained. Such however is 
not the case, as the following season when headed back close as they should he, the shoots never break 
so strong or vigorous, or make such good growth as the same varieties when they grow from dormant 
buds: the stocks being left unpruned when budded. 
My plan is to leave all stocks, however strong or rude, to grow—if I may so term it—wild the first 
season, putting neither knife nor anything else near the shoots; and, at budding time, only removing 
any leaves or thorns that may be in the way. Some may imagine that the buds will not take so well 
in this way; they will, however, take incomparably better than if the stocks had been pruned; for, 
the action carried on by the leaves and roots being unimpeded by the pruning knife, the plants are in 
vigorous health, and the buds as a consequence take freely. When pruned and shortened, either before 
or at the time of budding, the check which the stock receives is very prej udicial to the union of the 
bud and stock. 
After budding, the stocks will require no further attention until the buds have fairly taken, when 
they should be untied, leaving all the branches at fall length up to the beginning of March. Then all 
should be primed close in, except those which are budded; these must be shortened back to about six 
inches from the bud. Managed in this way, it is surprising what luxuriant shoots and heads the 
strong-growing hybrid Perpetuals, Bourbons, &c., will make the first season from the bud, which may 
be accounted for when we consider how the stock was allowed to grow wild, and gather strength the 
previous season. 
Boses may be budded at various seasons; much will depend on the condition of the stock and buds, 
&c., as well as the varieties of both. The Dog Bose, which is in most general use as a stock, is best 
worked in. July or August; it may be worked earlier, but there is no advantage in so doing, but 
rather the contrary, as the buds are likely to push the first season ; and, as I have already noticed, 
these never answer so well as the buds which remain dormant. They may also be budded through 
September; but, in this case, much will depend on the free growth of the stocks and buds, as well as 
weather. All these conditions favourable, I have worked them as late as the middle of October, with 
perfect success. All things considered, however, the two months I have named are best for working 
this stock. Provence, Moss, Gallica, Damask, Alba, Austrian, and any other of the classes of summer 
Boses which perfect their growth early are best budded at this season. 
Those stocks, on the contrary, which grow luxuriantly and late, such as Manettii, Crimson Boursault, 
&c., are better worked from the beginning to the middle of September, or indeed any time through the 
latter month, provided the stocks are growing freely and the weather is clear and warm, under which 
circumstances they will take freely. The classes which succeed best at this season are Perpetuals, 
Bourbons, Noisettes, Chinas, Teas, &c.; in a word, all the autumnal Boses which are late growers, and 
for which the Manettii stock is so well suited from its continuity of growth. Worked early upon these 
strong stocks the buds generally perish, from the watery nature of the shoots. As soon, however, as 
the shoots begin to get a little firm, the bark still rising freely—which will be about the time I have 
named (September)—the buds will succeed admirably. Autumnal Boses, of the classes just mentioned, 
when intended for standards and worked on the Dog Bose, are best budded at the same time as the 
summer Boses—July or August. Provence or Moss Boses worked upon the Manettii, or any free- 
growing stocks, will be much more manageable in the forcing-house in spring, as well as for pot- 
culture in general. 
PBOFESSXONAL AND MOBAL TBAINING. 
HINTS ADDRESSED TO YOUNG GARDENERS. 
By Mr. W. P. KEANE, Author op “ The Beauties of Surrey,” &c. 
f AM happy to hear that you are now engaged in a regular course of instruction under one of the 
very best gardeners in England, and in a place celebrated for good keeping, extent, and variety. 
The good keeping, or superior management of a place, even of small extent, is of more advantage to a 
young man than a large place badly kept. When I say of small extent, I mean a place where a young 
man will have an opportunity of seeing some portion of the various branches of his profession carried 
into operation, something more than the usual practices to be seen in a gentleman-farmer’s garden. 
The order, regularity, and spirit of improvement manifested in, comparatively speaking, such small 
places are far preferable to that of many extensive places, where multifarious employments give but 
little time for particular investigations into the why and wherefore of the natural agents by which 
vegetation is influenced. But my present object is to point out to you the necessity of adopting a 
