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THE GARDENERS’ AND NATURALISTS’ CALENDAR FOR SEPTEMBER. 
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growing in masses or otherwise, so as to possess a sure 
and certain knowledge of their qualities as flower-gar¬ 
den plants, that when new plants come under the eye, 
the old may he compared with the new, and those 
selected out of both most expressive of intelligent effect. 
It is hy working into our flower-garden arrangement, 
from year to year, those new plants adapted for such 
purposes, that a continued interest will be kept up, and 
that progress he evident in and about it suited to our 
advanced intelligence. The great variety of Verbenas, 
of purple and scarlet shades of colour, require to be 
gone over, and deciding on what sorts are best adapted 
for steady effect, discard others with their broken co¬ 
lours, at least for massing purposes. Scarlet Geraniums 
want looking at in the same way. Peed’s Tedworth, 
I very’s Scarlet, and Cottage Maid, are the best of the 
dwarf horse-shoe-leaved sorts, and will help to relieve 
the sameness of colour which is seen in most of our 
other dwarf Scarlet, Geraniums. The “Flower of the 
Day,” and similar coloured kinds, should he set off hy 
such as the purple Unique, or some other plants of that 
colour. 
Propagation .—Continue putting in cuttings of scarlet 
Geraniums in the open border in a warm, sheltered 
place, and they will soon root, or he sufficiently cal¬ 
loused over to stand the winter when potted up. Ver¬ 
benas intended to stand over the winter in store pots, 
may he rooted from cuttings at once, taking care to 
select large pots for the purpose, that frequent watering 
may be dispensed with in winter, and also to hold a 
good portion of fresh loamy soil from some old pasture 
field for the roots to run into, leaving sufficient depth 
within the mouth of the pot for sandy peat, to insert 
the cuttings in and hold some water. They will root 
perfectly in a cold frame, if the frame is raised more 
than usual at the back, and the cuttings kept close to 
the glass, it being only necessary to have the cuttings 
rooted and cut hack before the winter sets in in earnest. 
Petunias rooted in cutting pots should he potted off singly 
into small pots and well stopped hack; and the same 
treatment applies to Lophospermums, Anagallis, and 
all plants that will not survive the winter in store pots. 
The low-growing Lobelias, Nierembergias, Cupheas, 
Gazanias, and I should say the CEnothera prostrata, will 
do perfectly in store pots, prepared after the same man¬ 
ner as the Verbenas, with this difference, that rather 
more silver-sand is necessary on the surface of the soil 
prepared for the reception of the cuttings. Pooted 
cuttings of Phloxes, and other plants of a like nature, 
will require to he planted out singly where they are to 
stand during the winter, before the frost sets in, or the 
temperature of the soil falls much, that they may get 
thoroughly established in the soil. Sow early in the 
month annuals for spring blooming : all those from 
California will answer perfectly. J. C. 
Rose Garden. —The present season has been a very 
unfortunate one for blooming Poses ; hut has certainly 
produced most luxuriant wood, which must have every 
assistance to enable it to get as much ripened as pos¬ 
sible. Tie up any shoots that are liable to he bent or 
broken hy the wind; and cut out any very weak shoots, 
so as to .let more light and air pass through the head; 
and clean out any dead leaves that may have accumu¬ 
lated among the shoots. By no means top any of the 
shoots now, as nothing can he more injurious; it will 
have a tendency to make the other buds start, and the 
lower ones, that ought to he kept in as dormant a state 
as possible till the winter is over, will swell, and then, 
if the winter happens to he very severe, they will most 
likely be very much hurt. 
Perpetual Roses , if not done before, should he looked 
over to clean away the dead flowers, leaves, or any 
thing else that may make them look untidy; for, as 
they are making such fine growth, should the weather 
he fine we shall have an unusually gay autumnal bloom. 
All wild shoots and suckers must he kept continually 
removed as soon as they make their appearance. Those 
budded this season should he gone over to loosen the 
bandages; and, as many of the buds are growing, they 
must he secured against accident, and the wild shoot 
cut to within five or six eyes of the hud of those that 
are growing ; hut hy no means try to make those grow 
this season that do not start of themselves. Buds may 
still be inserted with success in such shoots as the hark 
will part readily from the wood. Cuttings that have 
been struck in heat during the last two months must he 
potted off directly, and set in heat again till they have 
made fresh roots, when they must he removed to a cold 
frame to he hardened off; and as soon as they will hear 
it, they should he fully exposed to all fine weather; 
and whenever there is occasion for the lights to he on, 
they should he tilted up behind as high as they safely 
can he. From the middle to the end of the month 
cuttings of all the Perpetual, and with the exception of 
the Banksian, all the Climbing Poses may he put in 
under hand-glasses on a south border, where they must 
remain all the winter; the glasses must have a good 
portion of air when they are on, and must be taken off 
entirely on all favourable occasions, and not he shut 
down close till the nights are frosty. Those that were 
layered in summer should have the ground hoed between 
them two or three times during the month, as it greatly 
facilitates the emission of roots, particularly after such 
heayy rains. H. M’M. 
Arboretum. —Towards the end of the month pre¬ 
parations should he made for the planting season, hy 
turning over and otherwise preparing the compost heaps 
of loam and leaf mould, without which no choice trees 
ought ever to he planted. A good start is a primary 
object, and however congenial the natural soil may he, 
they will always be benefitted hy some well mixed com¬ 
post. October is the best month for lifting and trans¬ 
planting most deciduous trees ; therefore, if there is 
much to be done, I would recommend as many sites to he 
prepared this month as possible, as early planting, in my 
opinion, should never he omitted where there is a choice. 
Shrubbery .—Here also every preparation should he 
made for planting where required, also the lifting and 
re-arranging, of old shrubberies may be commenced. I 
propose under this head to make a few remarks on some 
of the most desirable shrubs, and think I cannot do bet¬ 
ter than to give a descriptive list, commencing with 
that beautiful family the Magnolia, collections of which 
ought to he in every garden. They require to he planted 
in conspicuous situations and flourish well in a mixture 
of loam, peat, and rotten leaves. 
Magnolia macrophylla, (Horth America, 1800). One 
of the finest of the genus, having a noble attractive 
foliage, and wonderfully beautiful flowers, some of 
which that I measured this season were fifteen inches in 
diameter; the leaves are from eighteen inches to two 
feet long, and eight inches broad. 
Magnolia tripet ala (North America, 1752). Similar 
to the last, but smaller both in flowers and foliage, and 
flowers later in the season ; a very desirable species. 
Magnolia glauca (North America, 1688). Although 
of such ancient introduction is well worth extensive 
cultivation. The foliage is fine, with a beautiful glau¬ 
cous appearance, flowers profusely, which on a quiet 
evening give out a very powerful and agreeable fra¬ 
grance. The variety called Thompsoniana , a hybrid, is 
similar but finer in all its parts, and should he preferred 
in a limited collection. 
Magnolia acuminata {North America, 1736). Another 
very fine species, with yellowish green flowers and fine 
distinct foliage, inclined to grow tall and tree-like. 
Magnolia Candollii is a sub-variety with flowers of a 
deeper yellow. 
