148 
THE GARDENERS’ AND NATURALISTS’ CALENDAR FOR OCTOBER. 
Stake and tie out as thinly as possible to admit the air 
and give them strength. ' Give liquid manure to such 
as are established. Water liberally, and never allow 
the plants to flag from want of water, or they are very 
liable to lose their bottom leaves, and become unsightly. 
Routine .—Continue to turn over heaps of manure 
and compost, that they may sweeten preparatory to 
housing for autumnal purposes. House, when dry, 
such as are ready, and wash pots every opportunity 
that they may be ready also. House Salvias, and other 
late flowering plants, before they get injured by the 
early frosts. . H. R. 
FLOWER-GARDEN.—OUT-DOOR DEPART¬ 
MENT. 
they may be planted early in November. Directions 
were given as to the preparation of the ground in the 
first parts of this work, so that it would be useless to 
repeat them here ; I shall, therefore, merely point out 
the advantages of early planting, viz., the ground will 
work much better before it gets saturated with rain 
than after ; consequently, those that are planted very 
early in November, will get rooted before the winter 
sets in, and, of course, will flower very much better 
the following summer than those that are left later, for, 
when the soil has to be trampled upon after it is soaked 
with rain, Roses seldom do well in it without a great 
deal of labour being bestowed upon it to get it wefl pul¬ 
verized. They have, also, the advantage of the earth 
being firmly settled about the roots by the autumn and 
winter rains. 
The glory of our flower-gardens is now T fast wasting 
away, and before many nights are past, we may expect 
the Ice King to make all desolate; while, however, 
they remain fresh, endeavour to keep the beds neat by 
the timely removal of decaying flowers and foliage, and 
sweep and roll the walks, and grass as often as is neces¬ 
sary. Any plants which it is intended to take up and 
preserve through the winter in pots, should be attended 
to immediately, or be protected by coverings at night 
for fear of frost. Such things as Pelargoniums and 
Calceolarias are materially assisted after they are potted, 
by being placed on a gentle bottom heat until they 
draw fresh roots. Proceed with the propagation of 
stock as fast as possible, recollecting, that every day 
lost after this time, is a chance of success thrown away. 
Now is the best time to put in cuttings of Calceolarias ; 
and, if placed in a cold frame, they will root with great 
certainty, but in heat they will not root at this season. 
Chinese, Bourbon, and Hybrid Perpetual Roses, will 
also root freely under the same treatment, and, if pro¬ 
perly treated, will make admirable plants for bedding 
out next season, or for blooming in pots next autumn. 
So soon as the beds are cleared, trench them up, 
manure, if necessary, and get in the bulbs for the spring 
display. The annuals sown last month must also be 
attended to, and, where large enough, they may be 
transplanted at once to the permanent beds, and the 
same with Heartsease, Alyssums, Phloxes, Primulas, 
Drabas, Iberis, Pinks, &c., &c., from the reserve garden. 
Next year, gardeners about town will require to have 
their gardens gay early, and in that they will not suc¬ 
ceed unless they begin now. "Where alterations are 
contemplated, proceed with them at once ; first, however, 
convincing yourself that they will be improvements, 
and not mere alterations. We are of opinion, however, 
that to render the grouping system permanently inter¬ 
esting, occasional changes in the form of the garden are 
as necessary as in the plants with which the beds are 
stocked. Do not forget that smooth, polished turf is 
one of the principal charms of an English garden, and 
therefore, if your lawn is uneven, take the turf up, and 
and have the ground made perfectly level, and, if 
necessary, run a few' deep drains across the lawn, be¬ 
fore the turf is relaid. J. C. 
Rose Garden .—Many Perpetual Roses will still be j 
flowering if the weather is dry, so that they should in 
every way be kept perfectly clean and neat, that they 
may be enjoyed at every favourable opportunity. 
Those that have been budded should be frequently 
looked over, and the bandages removed as soon as the 
bark begins to swell so as to show the marks of the 
binding, and any shoots that may be liable to rub the 
recently inserted buds by blowing about, must be tied 
so that they cannot come in contact with them. Con¬ 
tinue to tie up all that have started into growth, or they 
will be very liable to be blown out. Where it is in¬ 
tended to make new plantations, the groimd should be 
got ready, if possible, by the end of this month, so that 
. . . - = 
Roses in pots, for forcing, must be gone over from 
the middle to the end of the month, and carefully turned 
out of the pots, if any soil has worked down among 
the draining it must be cleaned out as much as possible, 
so as to leave the drainage unimpeded; after which, 
replace the pot on the ball, and with some fresh soil, 
prepared as recommended in previous numbers, top 
dress them, after which they must be set in their win¬ 
ter quarters to be ready when wanted. Where the 
stock is short of established plants, any of the hybrid 
perpetuals that have large double flowers may be potted 
by the middle of the month, and treated as the others, 
except that they should have a little shading for an 
hom’ or two in the day if it is very hot and drying ; 
these may be forced into flowrnr by the end of April, and 
through the month of May. Many plants that are 
growing freely in pots, of China, Tea Scented, and simi¬ 
lar Roses, will now be showing plenty of bloom buds ; 
these, if set in a pit where they can have the full bene¬ 
fit of the sun, and be protected from frost, will con¬ 
tinue to flower till nearly Christmas. 
Any kind of Roses in pots that have been struck 
during the past summer, should be housed for the 
winter by the middle of the month, and plenty of air 
given them night and day, except it should be frosty. 
H. M‘M. 
Arboretum .—The planting of evergreens and deci¬ 
duous trees connected with this department of garden¬ 
ing, should now be prosecuted in good earnest; every 
tree planted this month with common care will grow 
much more vigorously next spring than any later planted 
ones, however carefully treated. The removal of large 
trees which were prepared at this time last year for 
the purpose may be proceeded with. The mechanical 
appliances for this purpose are now so perfect, that not 
only is there a certainty of safe removal, but trees of 
such a size may be operated upon as to impart to a new 
place an appearance of many years’ growth ; and, what 
is better, the mistakes of former planters may be recti¬ 
fied by the removal of valuable specimens to more 
appropriate sites. Whatever work of this kind is in 
contemplation should be decided upon, as no large trees 
ought to be removed without one year’s preparation, 
which consists in digging a trench round the stem at a 
distance from it apportioned to its size, say from two to 
four feet, the trench to be three feet deep, and one foot 
wide, and filled with light sandy compost. I have 
known such a compost to become in one season a com¬ 
plete mass of roots. Many persons leave the trench 
quite open; I would not recommend it. Under the 
improved methods of planting which characterize the 
present day, much of this kind of work may, for the 
future, be avoided ; and here I would again suggest, that 
those to w r hom this important work is confided, should 
wall consider the end thereof, and what they propose to 
effect after the lapse of many years. Present effect, 
of course, is not to be slighted, but let it be produced 
