THE GARDENERS’ AND NATURALISTS’ CALENDAR FOR NOYEMBER. 
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during the month, hut complete this operation if possible 
within that time. Secure to stakes newly planted trees, 
and lay some short litter over the roots. 
Plum and Cherry .—The fruit of late sorts of the 
former should he gathered before frost sets in, and 
either wrapped in paper, or hung up by the stalk in the 
fruit-room. Pruning and planting should now he pro¬ 
ceeded with. I have observed that in many situations 
not particularly favourable to fruit trees, the Morello 
Cherry has been very hare of young shoots in the centre 
of the tree; when this is the case, I would recommend 
the foreright shoots to be laid in. This advice may 
appear strange to some persons, but having adopted it 
myself with great advantage, I would strongly recom¬ 
mend it. They may be cut out afterwards as opportu¬ 
nities offer. I do not see why a tree should be injured 
by pruning, merely to give it an artistical appearance. 
The branches of fruit trees may be strained, twisted, 
and pruned with impunity in some soils and situations, 
but not so in others. 
Fig .—In the northern part of England, it may be 
necessary to protect them on the approach of frost, but 
I believe it is frequently done to an injurious extent. 
It is not often I have seen them injured by frost, but I 
have seen them injured by the means employed to pro¬ 
tect them. 
Gooseberry and Currant .—Plant and prune while the 
weather is favourable. In pruning the former fruit 
shrub, it must be taken into consideration whether 
quantity or size of fruit is required. For a gentleman’s 
establishment quantity is generally required, fruit of a 
large size rarely. For the production of the former, 
much more wood must be left in the trees than for the 
latter purpose. If the trees are young, and wood is 
required, shorten the young shoots one-half or two- 
thirds ; if the trees are of full growth, only just takeoff 
the point of the young shoots, and when the branches 
are pendant, take care to cut to a bud on the upper side 
of the shoots. When the trees are pruned lime the 
ground, and manure it if it is required, and then slightly 
dig it. 
Strawberry .—In continuation of my remarks of last 
month, I have recently been made acquainted with a 
gentleman who takes up his old plants in spits every 
year, and re-plants them again immediately in the 
same ground. My informant states that he has enor¬ 
mous crops of fine fruit by adopting this treatment. 
H. C. 0. 
KITCHEN GARDEN. 
Carrots, Parsnips, and Red Beet, will by this time 
have completed their growth, and preparations for storing 
them should now be made. Cauliflowers, and Cape 
Brocoli must be watched, and their outer leaves bent 
over the heart of the plant to guard it against the in¬ 
juries occasioned by frosts, until they are large enough 
to store away in cold pits, frames, or other contrivances 
where protection can be afforded. Endive and Lettuce 
should also receive similar attention, and a succession 
tied up and blanched weekly, to render the supply 
adequate to the demand. Earth up Celery whenever 
the plants have attained sufficient size; prepare some 
long litter or fern so as to be enabled to afford the neces¬ 
sary protection at the shortest notice against the de¬ 
structive influence of its greatest enemy, severe frosts. 
Earth up Cabbage plants, the tall kinds of Brocoli; 
stir the soil and free from weeds the crops of Spinach. 
Plant out a quantity of Cabbage plants, rather thickly, 
for drawing out whilst young. Remove all old crops, 
manure, rough dig, or trench up all vacant quarters, in 
order to prepare more effectually the land for succes- 
sional ones. Sow small salading- in boxes weekly, and 
place them in heat to ensure an unceasing supply. 
Cover, towards the end of the month, a patch of Sea 
Kale with leaves, not more than about a foot in thick¬ 
ness , for very little excitement, at this season, is pro¬ 
ductive of diminutive footstalks, instead oi pjlump, com¬ 
pact ones, such as are fit to send to table. Rhubarb may 
be treated in the same manner, or a few crowns taken 
up, and placed in the Mushroom house, will answer 
equally well. Continue to make up fresh beds for 
Mushrooms, observing that they are not too wet. 
Roll walks, rake up leaves, and forward any altera¬ 
tions that may be deemed necessary. J. C. S. 
WILD FLOWERS EOR NOYEMBER. 
Our title appears rather unseasonable this month, and 
we shall find little to employ our attention among Wild- 
flowers, unless we have dried and preserved some of 
those which have rewarded our summer rambles. To 
do this, to form a hortus siccus , or collection of dried 
specimens, is very desirable, when the object is to be¬ 
come thoroughly acquainted with the flora, even of our 
own country alone; when we extend our studies fur¬ 
ther, dried plants are of course indispensable. 
The value of a collection of specimens in the 
former case, arises ‘from our being enabled to compare 
the kinds one with another, and thus to acquire a 
knowledge of their relationships; for instance, it is 
not often possible to obtain all the species of a genus at 
once, in a fresh state, much less all the genera of an 
order. Moreover, local collections are the surest data 
on which to found the generalizations of the geogra¬ 
phical distribution of plants, a subject of daily increas¬ 
ing interest. With regard to the formation of an 
herbarium, the drying and preservation of the plants is 
a very simple process, and is explained in most element¬ 
ary works on Botany, we therefore shall not enter upon 
it, especially at this time of the year; but next month 
we intend to offer a few remarks on the formation of 
local collections. A. II. 
ANIMAL KINGDOM. 
Ornithology.- —■November — the word has a dismal 
sound, dark and dreary days, accompanied with thick 
and choking fogs, are generally associated with it; but 
it is not always so, a few bright days will rise from 
amidst the gloom, making the woods look gay, even in 
their nakedness, when a ramble through them will not 
be devoid of interest. There is now at times a death¬ 
like stillness about them, no rustling of foliage, no hum 
of the insect world—all is hushed, they have passed 
away like a vision. How swiftly time has flown by 
since we hailed with delight the bursting buds; with 
what increased interest we watched their rapid growth ; 
we saw them in their prime, when they danced gaily in 
the summer breeze, affording food and shelter to thou¬ 
sands of the insect world; we admired them in their 
rich autumn dress; and now they rustle at our feet 
“ Withered and strewn,” 
soon to commingle with that earth from which they 
sprung. Man may trace his own passage through life 
in the history of a leaf. 
To the real lover of nature, the woods, even at this 
season, have charms : there is music in the winter blast 
as it moans amongst the bare branches, making them 
creak and groan as they rub and jostle each other; then, 
their fantastic shapes, some twisted like huge snakes, 
some shooting out to the right, some to the left, some 
towering aloft far above their companions, no stiffness 
in their forms, they grow in their native freedom, the 
pruning-knife has nought to do with them. Trees are 
always full of interest, they form the principle home of 
the feathered tribes ; in them they rear their young, 
from them they obtain a great portion of their food, and 
