32 
188 Mature leaves smooth, or essentially so, on both surfaces— V 
American Linden, Basswood, Whitewood, Linn, Beetree, 
Wickup, 7 'ilia americcma L. 
188 Mature leaves beneath, and the twigs, reddish hairy. 
Leaves 2 to 3 inches long. Conn.—Southern Basswood, 
Tilia Miehauxii Nutt. 
188 Mature leaves 4 to 8 inches long, silvery-white and woolly 
beneath. Southern N. Y.—White Basswood, Tilia heter - 
ophylla Vent. 
Cornel, Dogwood —Leaves simple, with veins curving well up 
towards the apex. Flowers 4-parted. Fruit pulpy, glob¬ 
ular, containing a single 2-seeded, 2-celled stone. 
189 Leaves opposite. Small close clusters of greenish flowers 
surrounded by 4 large conspicuous white petal-like bracts. 
Fruit oblong, red, about inch long—Flowering Dog¬ 
wood, Boxwood, Dogwood, Flowering Cornel, Comm 
florida L. 
189 Leaves alternate. Flowers in large loose clusters (3 or 
more inches wide), with no petal-like bracts. Fruit glob- A. 
ular, blue, usually less than }/> inch thick—Alternate¬ 
leaved Cornel, Blue Dogwood, Green Osier, Dogwood, 
k Comm aJtemifolia L. f. 
Asir—Leaves opposite, pinnately compound. Fruit with a long 
symmetrical flat wing. 
190 Side leaflets without individual stalks—191 
190 Side leaflets with short individual stalks—192 
191 Leaflets green on both surfaces but somewhat darker above. 
Leaf axis (rhachis) usually with thick reddish-brown 
wool at the base of the leaflets. Crushed leaves with the 
odor of Elder. A small tree growing in cold swamps or 
wet places throughout N. E.—Black Ash, Hoop Ash, 
Basket Ash, Brown Ash, Swamp Ash, J'raxinus niara 
Marsh. 
191 Leaflets green above, pale beneath. Leaf axis (rhachis) 
usually without reddish wool. Cult.—European Ash, 
Fraxinus excelsior L. 
