83 Leaves 1 inch or more in length. Cones about 1 inch long, 
with many scales. Cult.—European Larch, Lori.v decidua 
Mill. 
Spruce— Leaves attached to all sides of the twigs, 4-sided or 
4-angled, commonly pointing in all directions. Fruit a 
cone, as in Pine. 
84 Young twigs hairy—85 
84 Young twigs smooth or nearly so—87 
85 Mature cones less than 3 inches long—S(> 
85 Mature cones more than 3 inches long. Cult.—Norway- 
Spruce, Picea Abies (L.) Karst. 
86 Leaves % to V\ inch long. Cones to 2 inches long, 
rarely remaining attached to the branch more than one 
year. Tree reaching 40 feet or more in height, usually 
growing on uplands, rarely in wet places—Red Spruce, 
Yellow Spruce, Picea rubra (Du Roi) Dietr. 
86 Leaves % to l A inch long. Cones % to inches long, 
persisting for many years. Tree of swamps or low lands, 
rarely on uplands, usually less than 30 feet high and 
occasionally fruiting when only 3 or 4 feet high—Black 
Spruce, Swamp Spruce, Bog Spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) 
BSP. 
87 Leaves pointed, often sharply—88 t . . 
87 Leaves blunt, less than % inch long, thick, dark shining % 
green. Cult.—Oriental Spruce, Picea orientals Carr. 
88 Foliage bluish-green or silvery—80 
88 Foliage green. Cones 4 to 7 inches long. Cult.—Norway 
Spruce, Picea Abies (L.) Karst. 
89 Cones 2% to 4 inches long. Cone scales distinctly longer 
than broad, with a ragged blunt apex. Cult.—Colorado 
Blue Spruce, Silver Spruce, Picea Menziesii Engehn. 
80 Cones 1% to 2 inches long. Cone scales roundish, not 
ragged." Foliage usually with an unpleasant odor. 
Northern N. E.—White Spruce, Single Spruce, Skunk 
Spruce, Cat Spruce, Picea canadensis (Mill.) BSP. 
