6 
7 Leaves of one kind only; small and scale-like, some of the 4 
leaves commonly with a minute swelling or gland on 
the back. Smallest shoots not conspicuously 4-angled 
nor flattened. Fruit a small dry brownish cone about 
ii inch thick, with shield-shaped scales. Trees of moist 
situations—swamps, bogs, etc.—rarely in dry soil. Com¬ 
mon from X. II. to Miss, within 100 miles oi the coast— 
Coast White Cedar, Cedar, Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) 
BSP. 
8 Leaves less than % inch wide—9 
8 Leaves more than % inch wide—12 
9 Leaves white above, green beneath, spiny pointed Com¬ 
mon Juniper, Dwarf Juniper, Juniperus commurus L. 
9 Leaves not whitened above—10 
10 Leaves about %. inch long, with a distinct short leaf-stalk 
Hemlock, Hemlock Spruce, Trnga ca nadenxis (L.) Carr 
10 Leaves usually % inch or more long, narrowed at base but 
without a distinct leaf-stalk—11 
11 Mature leaves prominently whitened beneath. Cories up- f) 
right—Balsam Fir, Balsam, Firtree, Balm of Gilead Fir, 
Abies balmmea (L.) Mill. 
11 Mature leaves not prominently whitened beneath. Cones 
hanging or pendulous, with leaf-like toothed appendages 
projecting beyond the scales. Cult.—Douglas Spruce, Red 
Fir, Douglas Fir, Pseudotmga taxi folia Britt. 
12 Leaves simple, w ith a single blade—13 
12 Leaves compound, with 3 or more wholly separate blades 
(leaflets)—61 
13 With 3 or more main veins of nearly equal prominence 
starting from the base of the blade—14 
13 With only one prominent vein—21 
13 With many fine radiating veins, all of equal prominence. 
Leaves fan-shaped. Cult.—Maiden-hair Tree, Ginkgo, 
Ginkgo biloba L. 
14 With one leaf at a node (i. e. leaves alternate)—17 j 
14 With two or more leaves at a node (i. e. leaves opposite 
whorled)—15 
