0 
t 
KEY TO GENERA AND SPECIES 
1 Leaves distinctly flattened—2 
1 Leaves needle-like, not distinctly flattened—4 
2 Leaves awl-shaped—3 
2 Leaves short and closely overlapping (scale-like)—6 
2 Leaves narrowed at base, or else with a distinct leaf-stalk—8 
3 Leaves three at a node, all alike, whitened above, green 
beneath, spiny pointed—Common Juniper, Dwarf Juniper, 
Ji ini penis communis L. 
3 Leaves of two kinds, one similar to the above, the other 
(usually on older trees) consisting of short overlapping 
scale-like leaves, arranged in four longitudinal rows—Red 
Cedar, Savin, Junipems virginiana L. 
4 Leaves in well marked clusters on the side of the branch—5 
4 Leaves not in definite cl listers—Spruce, 84 
5 Leaves five or less in a cluster—Pine, 75 
5 Leaves seven or more in a cluster—Larch, S3 
0 Young leafy shoots prominently flattened or 2-edged at 
lateral margins—Arbor Vitae, Cedar, White Cedar, Thuja 
Occident alls L. 
fi Young leafy shoots not prominently flattened—7 
7 Leaves of two kinds; (a) awl-shaped and spiny pointed, 
less than half an inch long, more common on young trees, 
but generally present also on some parts of older trees; 
(h) small and scale-like, smallest shoots conspicuously 
4-angled. Fruit a bluish white berry-like cone about 
% inch or less thick. Trees of drier situations—dry 
sandy fields and hillsides—rarely in low wet ground. 
; Widely distributed east of the 100th meridian—Red 
Cedar, Savin, Junipcrus virginiana L. ♦ 
